France

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The Monarchy Louis XVI (16) is married to Marie Antoinette from Austria Louis XVI (16) is married to Marie Antoinette from Austria Louis XVI was indecisive and had little patience for governing. Louis XVI was indecisive and had little patience for governing. Marie Antoinette was unpopular. Marie Antoinette was unpopular. “Madame Deficit” “Madame Deficit”

French Economy in trouble France is in debt because of the American Revolution and money spent by the monarchy. France is in debt because of the American Revolution and money spent by the monarchy. People were paying heavy taxes that made it hard to do business and make money for the merchants, factory owners and bankers. People were paying heavy taxes that made it hard to do business and make money for the merchants, factory owners and bankers.

Estates General Louis tried taxing the nobility to get money, but they forced him to call an Estates General meeting. Louis tried taxing the nobility to get money, but they forced him to call an Estates General meeting. It was the first in 175 years to be held. It was the first in 175 years to be held.

Estates-General 1 st = Church 10% of the land 1 st = Church 10% of the land 2 nd = nobles 2% pop. Owned 20% of the land 2 nd = nobles 2% pop. Owned 20% of the land 3 rd = bourgeoisie, urban lower class peasants 98% of pop. Owned less than 4% of the land 3 rd = bourgeoisie, urban lower class peasants 98% of pop. Owned less than 4% of the land

3 rd estate eager for change 3 rd estate eager for change Meet together and each delegate get a vote-3 rd estate has the most votes The National Assembly The National Assembly June 17, 1789 Vote passes—end of absolute monarchy The National Assembly

The Bastille July 14 th, a mob storms into the Bastille July 14 th, a mob storms into the Bastille Symbolic act for the Revolution Symbolic act for the Revolution

August 10 th -20,000 people invade the palace where the royal family was. August 10 th -20,000 people invade the palace where the royal family was. royal guards killed royal family imprisoned Great Fear-panic throughout France Great Fear-panic throughout France Riots over prices of bread Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette returned to Paris from Versailles Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette returned to Paris from Versailles Terror in France

Reforms National Assembly Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen men are born and remain free and equal in rights (liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression) Equal justice, freedom of speech, and freedom of religion Equal justice, freedom of speech, and freedom of religion

National Assembly

1791 Louis XVI agreed to National Assembly’s new constitution—limited constitutional monarchy 1791 Louis XVI agreed to National Assembly’s new constitution—limited constitutional monarchy Legislative Assembly Legislative Assembly power to create laws and to approve reject declarations of war(king has power to enforce laws) Constitutional Monarchy

Constitution of declared the king deposed—abolished the monarchy and France becomes a republic Constitution of declared the king deposed—abolished the monarchy and France becomes a republic New government=the National Convention New government=the National Convention Sept. 21 Jacobins take control. Jacobins take control. Monarchy Abolished

Louis XVI tried for treason. He is found guilty and was sentenced to death (January 21, 1793) Louis XVI tried for treason. He is found guilty and was sentenced to death (January 21, 1793) Marie Antoinette killed as well Guillotine Guillotine

War France continues to fight outside forces such as Austria and Prussia along with Great Britain, Holland, and Spain France continues to fight outside forces such as Austria and Prussia along with Great Britain, Holland, and Spain Coalition Army Coalition Army , ,000

Why was Louis XVI killed? Do world leaders run the risk of being replaced in a revolution? How has the United States avoided violent revolution? Can you give a definition of social contract? Making the Connection

Reign of Terror Maximilien Robespierre- Jacobin leader Maximilien Robespierre- Jacobin leader Republic of Virtue Republic of Virtue wiping out the trace of France’s past calendar calendar 12 months of 30 days renamed months renamed months no Sundays- religion was dangerous

July Robespierre became leader of the Committee of Public Safety July Robespierre became leader of the Committee of Public Safety Meant to protect France from its enemies Meant to protect France from its enemies Most of the enemies were usually fellow radials who challenged him. Most of the enemies were usually fellow radials who challenged him. Thousands of people sent to their death (about 4,000) Thousands of people sent to their death (about 4,000) about 85% were peasants or urban class about 85% were peasants or urban class

July July Robespierre arrested and executed-July 28 Shift in public opinion—too much terror Shift in public opinion—too much terror Skyrocketing prices for bread, salt still exist Skyrocketing prices for bread, salt still exist

New Government 1795—3 rd new government put into place 1795—3 rd new government put into place Power in the hands of upper middle class and had two-house legislation (Bicameral) Power in the hands of upper middle class and had two-house legislation (Bicameral) Executive body Executive body Five men (The Directory)

Napoleon Bonaparte Born in Corsica 1769 Born in Corsica years old when he went to military school 9 years old when he went to military school 1785-a lieutenant in old government’s military 1785-a lieutenant in old government’s military Post Revolution he joined the new Government Post Revolution he joined the new Government Military hero as head of the French army Military hero as head of the French army

Coup d’état Coup d’état: “blow to the state” and a sudden seizure of power Coup d’état: “blow to the state” and a sudden seizure of power Directory dissolved Directory dissolved Napoleon becomes dictator Napoleon becomes dictator

The good things about the Age of Napoleon Established peace Established peace Developed a plebiscite: vote on new Constitution Developed a plebiscite: vote on new Constitution Restored order Restored order

Restoring Order 1. Economic: national bank 2. Social: promotion for merit not family & nobility allowed to return 3. Religion: RCC official religion but everyone worship as they pleased 4. Legal: Napoleonic Code

Napoleonic Code: 1. Equality under the law 2. Censored newspapers 3. Woman could not hold property 4. Restored slavery in the Caribbean 5. None of the codes applied to Napoleon

Making the Connection What would you give up in exchange for order?

Napoleon Heads Off to Conquer the World “napoleon complex” Time Line 1799: came to power as dictator 1799: came to power as dictator 1803: Louisiana Purchase 1803: Louisiana Purchase 1804: self proclaimed Emperor of France 1804: self proclaimed Emperor of France 1805: Battle of Trafalgar 1805: Battle of Trafalgar 1808: Most of Europe under his control 1808: Most of Europe under his control : attempts to take over Russia and thus Asia : attempts to take over Russia and thus Asia 1821: dies 1821: dies

The French Empire

Louisiana Purchase In 1803, Napoleon sold the Louisiana Purchase to the United States for $15 million. In 1803, Napoleon sold the Louisiana Purchase to the United States for $15 million.

Louisiana Purchase

The Battle of Trafalgar, 1805 Napoleon wants a European empire Napoleon wants a European empire Napoleon’s only major loss Admiral Horatio Nelson—British Admiral Horatio Nelson—British Napoleon decided not to invade Great Britain Napoleon decided not to invade Great Britain

The Continental System In 1806, a blockade was set up to prevent trade from Great Britain to Europe. In 1806, a blockade was set up to prevent trade from Great Britain to Europe. Britain responded with its own blockade. Britain responded with its own blockade. Caused War of 1812 against the United States Caused War of 1812 against the United States

Spain King of Spain= Napoleon’s brother Joseph King of Spain= Napoleon’s brother Joseph Spanish used Guerilla tactics. Spanish used Guerilla tactics. Peninsular War Peninsular War Nationalism had people fighting against Napoleon. Nationalism had people fighting against Napoleon.

Russia Napoleon invaded Russia in June Napoleon invaded Russia in June Czar (tzar, tsar) Alexander I refused to stop selling grain to Britain Czar (tzar, tsar) Alexander I refused to stop selling grain to Britain Scorched earth policy Scorched earth policy

Napoleon's Rule Comes to an End Napoleon faces a coalition army outside Leipzig and is defeated. Napoleon faces a coalition army outside Leipzig and is defeated. Coalition: Great Britain, Prussia (Germany), Russia, Austria, Sweden Coalition: Great Britain, Prussia (Germany), Russia, Austria, Sweden 1814 exiled to the island of Elba 1814 exiled to the island of Elba 100 days 100 days Waterloo Waterloo Exiled to St. Helena Exiled to St. Helena Died age 52 Died age 52

Congress of Vienna

 November 1814 to June Heads of European governments came together for security and stability for Europe Heads of European governments came together for security and stability for Europe Klemens von Metternich of Austria Klemens von Metternich of Austria Balance of power Balance of power