Active Lecture Questions for BIOLOGY, Eighth Edition Neil Campbell & Jane Reece Questions prepared by Jung Choi, Georgia Institute of Technology Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings. Chapter 43 The Immune System

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings. Innate Immunity How widespread are mechanisms of innate immunity? a)Innate immunity is present only in mammals. b)Innate immunity is present only in vertebrates. c)Innate immunity is present only in animals. d)Innate immunity is present in eukaryotes but not in prokaryotes. e)Innate immunity is present in all three domains of life, including eubacteria and archaea.

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings. Evolution of Adaptive Immunity The recombinase genes, RAG1 and RAG2, are found only in jawed vertebrates. Based on this observation, what can we surmise? a)Jawless vertebrates lack immune memory. b)Jawless vertebrates do not employ combinatorial rearrangements to generate antigen receptor diversity. c)Sharks have an adaptive immune system. d)all of the above

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings. Vaccination Why should people get a flu shot every year? a)The flu vaccine is only weakly immunogenic and requires multiple shots to take effect. b)The immune memory for flu is short-lived. c)New strains of flu virus arise rapidly; this year’s strain may be different from last year’s.

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings. Antigens Which of these is not immunogenic when implanted into a vertebrate body? a)a pathogenic virus b)a nonpathogenic bacterium c)a protein toxin d)a plastic bead e)a piece of plant leaf

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings. HIV HIV infects helper T cells and macrophages. If these cell populations are depleted, which aspects of the immune system will be affected? a)antibody production by B cells b)cytotoxic T cell activation c)immune system memory d)all of the above e)none of the above

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings. Antibody Diversity Given 200 V domain genes, 10 J segment genes, and 10 D segment genes for the heavy chain, plus 20 V domain genes and 5 J segment genes for the light chain, how many different antibodies can be made? a)200 b)4,000 c)2 million d)20 million

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings. Humoral versus Cell-Mediated To fight viral infections, it is most effective to activate a)B cells. b)cytotoxic T cells. c)macrophages. d)the inflammatory response.

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings. Immune System Cells To clone your pet cat when all you have is a sample of its blood, you should use a a)B cell as the nuclear donor. b)T cell as the nuclear donor. c)macrophage as the nuclear donor. d)red blood cell as the nuclear donor.

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings. Transplantation A biotechnology company seeks to genetically engineer pigs as sources of organs and tissue for transplantation or grafting to humans. Which of the following pig genes must be replaced with the human version? a)MHC loci b)immunoglobulin genes c)T cell receptor genes d)all of the above e)all protein-coding genes