Thinking Critically about Gendered Social Relationships and Social Mobility In gendered social relationships women as a group are disadvantaged – a public issue which shapes private troubles how do those in gendered social relationships have differential access to resources? collecting relevant background information – men’s & women’s experiences with labour are different Identify or distinguish – advantages & disadvantages of this difference evaluate how gendered social relationships shape social mobility LO 3

Social Mobility, Social Inequality, and Social Stratification: Women and Labour Women’s equality is growing 2 reasons: 1. economic changes encourage equal participation in the home and the public sphere 2. the women’s movement has ensured women are treated equally & given equal opportunities Industrialization increases demand for specialization & education requires more knowledge & skill LO 3

Social Mobility, Social Inequality, and Social Stratification: Women and Labour skill and ability become more important than ascribed social status in post-industrial economy (1950’s) information- based jobs grew dramatically while resource-based jobs decreased women are overrepresented in information-based jobs men moved into these jobs due to loss of resource- based jobs LO 3

Social Mobility, Social Inequality, and Social Stratification: Women and Labour as men take on more part-time, contract work means women must do more paid work to contribute to family income men are more likely to engage in unpaid domestic labour & value it women’s increased economic participation means more authority & power inside and outside the home LO 3

Social Mobility, Social Inequality, and Social Stratification: Women and Labour Feminist movement was intellectual, academic, social & political movement for change 2 goals: 1. eliminating differential treatment of men & women in public & private spheres 2. valuing men’s & women’s different skills, characteristics, qualities and capacities equally LO 3

Social Mobility, Social Inequality, and Social Stratification: Women and Labour academic, grassroots organizations, levels of government worked towards these goals through education & advocating for change eg. childcare subsidies change in hiring practices more representation of women in gov’t & employment employment discrimination law furthuring accomplishments of women LO 3

Social Mobility, Social Inequality, and Social Stratification: Women and Labour women’s increased participation in & politics & paid labour provided access to valuable resources, experience – thus social power grew Important – women do not experience anything near full equality compared to men Canada is gendered unequal access is a characteristic of groups there will always be individual women with more access to resources than individual men (female CEO’s) LO 3

Social Mobility, Social Inequality, and Social Stratification: Women and Labour blue collar work – early 1900’s - 33% of women & 33% of men 1960’s – 13% of women & 43% of men - men moved into white collar work while women were barred pink collar work ’s women moved into service occupations women increased education in 1960’s & worked in information technologies LO 3

Social Mobility, Social Inequality, and Social Stratification: Women and Labour Yet – women’s experiences in these jobs are unequal in Canada’s post-industrial economy: men concentrated in 10 highest paid jobs women concentrated in 2 lowest paying jobs women earn less for doing the same kind of work, more likely to work part-time (lower wages, fewer benefits, likely seasonal, temporary, non-unionized) part-time work = poverty LO 3

Social Mobility, Social Inequality, and Social Stratification: Women and Labour Unpaid labour – work activities that do not earn income (care-giving, housework, volunteer) women do more than men gendered nature of unpaid labour continues when women work full-time second shift: women finish full-time paid work and go home to full-time job of unpaid labour LO 3

Social Mobility, Social Inequality, and Social Stratification: Women and Labour 4 points: 1. women still earn less than men 2. women are concentrated in pink-collar jobs (less income, less prestige) 3. women are more likely to work part-time (less pay, less secure, less advancement 4. women do disproportionate amount of unpaid labour Gendered Division of Labour – women as a group occupy a subordinate position although their participation in paid labour and access to resources has increased LO 3