Nationalism in Latin America Chapter 18 Section 4
Latin America
The Latin American Economy Early 1900’s, economy was based on export of food and raw materials. DO NOT WRITE Argentina – exported beef & wheat Chile – Nitrates & copper Brazil and Caribbean nations – sugar Central America - bananas
Role of the United States 1920’s, U.S. replaced Britain as the foremost investor in L.A. U.S. put funds directly into production and ran companies themselves. U.S. owned the United Fruit Company and controlled copper mining in Chile & Peru and oil industries in Mexico, Peru, & Bolivia.
Good Neighbor Policy Policy rejected the use of U.S. military force in Latin America FDR withdrew the last marines from Haiti in 1934.
Impact of the Great Depression Terrible impact on the L.A. economy. Exports were no longer in demand. One positive: G.D. forced the development of new industries. Most industry was government run.
The Move to Authorization Most L.A. countries had republican forms of government. In reality, they were run by the church, military leaders, & large landowners. They used military force to maintain power.
Continued… Unrest caused leaders to exercise stricter controls. Examples: Brazil, Mexico, Argentina
Argentina
Argentina Controlled by an oligarchy. Made up of the wealthy landowners. 1916, Hipolito Irigoyen, Radical Party, elected president. 1930, military overthrew the government & reestablished the oligarchy.
Hipolito Irigoyen
Continued… During World War II, military officers formed the Group of United Officers (GOU). GOU overthrew the government in 1943. Juan Peron elected president.
Juan Peron
Brazil
Brazil 1889, formed a republican government. Controlled by landed elites who became wealthy by growing coffee. By 1900, ¾ of world’s coffee was grown in Brazil. Great Depression hurt coffee prices.
Continued… 1930, military coup made Getulio Vargas president of Brazil. 1937, Vargas made himself dictator and established a Fascist dictatorship. 1945, the army forced Vargas to resign.
Getulio Vargas
Mexico The post-revolution government was democratic in form. The PRI controlled politics. 1934, Lazaro Cardenas became president. He wanted to follow through with the ideas of the revolution. He redistributed land to peasants and took a strong stand with the U.S., especially over oil.
Lazaro Cardenas
Continued… After a dispute, Cardenas seized control of the oil fields. U.S. oil companies asked FDR to intervene, but he refused. Mexico paid for the property and set up PEMEX.
Culture in Latin America Early 20th century, European artistic & literary movements influenced L.A. culture. Many artists expressed a national spirit. Diego Rivera was a Mexican artist who studied in Europe. Rivera wanted to create a national art that would include Mexico’s past, its cultural heritage, and carry a social and political message.
Diego Rivera Frida Reparte Armas Carro de Flores
Diego Rivera Noche de Ricos Frida Khalo y Diego Rivera
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