Pregnancy

Who helps deliver/care for a newborn? Obstetrician/gynecologists (OB/GYNs) are doctors with at least 4 additional years of training after medical school in women's health and reproduction, including both surgical and medical care. They can handle complicated pregnancies and also perform C-sections Certified nurse midwife- CNMs are registered nurses who have a graduate degree, meaning they're trained to handle low-risk pregnancies and deliveries. Most CNMs deliver babies in hospitals or birth centers, although some do home births Certified nurse midwife- CNMs are registered nurses who have a graduate degree, meaning they're trained to handle low-risk pregnancies and deliveries. Most CNMs deliver babies in hospitals or birth centers, although some do home births Registered nurses (RNs) attend births to take care of the mother and baby Registered nurses (RNs) attend births to take care of the mother and baby

Where do you want to give birth? Questions to Ask Choosing a Hospital: Questions to Ask Before your labor pains start, get answers to the following questions. Is the hospital easy to get to? How is it equipped to handle emergencies? What level nursery is available? (Nurseries are rated I, II, or III — a level III neonatal intensive care unit [NICU] is equipped to handle any neonatal emergency. A lower rating may require transportation to a level III NICU.) How many deliveries take place at the hospital each year? (A higher number means the hospital has more experience with various birth scenarios.) What is the nurse-to-patient ratio? (A ratio of 1:2 is considered good during low-risk labor; a 1:1 ratio is best in complicated cases or during the pushing stage.) What are the hospital's statistics for cesarean sections, episiotomies, and mortality? (Keep in mind, though, that these numbers include high-risk and complicated deliveries.) How many labor and support people may be present for the birth? What procedures are followed after your baby's birth? Can you breastfeed immediately if desired? Is rooming in available? How long is the typical postpartum stay for vaginal deliveries? For C-sections? Can the baby and the father stay with you in your room around the clock, if you desire? Choosing a Birth Center: Questions to Ask Is the birth center accredited by the Commission for the Accreditation of Birth Centers? Is the birth center easy to get to? What situations during labor would lead to a transfer to a hospital? How are transfers handled? What emergencies are the transfer facilities able to handle? What professionals (such as midwives, doctors, and nurses) are available on staff? On a consulting basis? Are they licensed? What childbirth and prenatal education classes are offered? What are the center's statistics for hospital transfers, episiotomies, and mortality? What procedures are followed after your baby's birth? How long is the typical postpartum stay and how will your baby be examined?

Draw out the diagram and explain what each one is/for Gets oxygen and nutrients to the baby cushions/protects,helps develop lungs/digestive system (amniotic sac) Opening of uterus, dilates when in labor Where fetus grows/develops. Grows 20x larger during pregnancy Attaches to wall of uterus and supplies baby with food/oxygen

Problem pregnancies Birth defects Research Developmental/Environmental disorders

Prenatal tests Alpha-fetoprotein- AFP is measured in pregnant women through the analysis of maternal blood or amniotic fluid, as a screening test for bloodamniotic fluidbloodamniotic fluid a subset of developmental abnormalities a subset of developmental abnormalitiesUltrasound- a procedure that uses high-frequency sound waves to view internal organs and produce waves to view internal organs and produce images of the human body. images of the human body.

Ultrasounds 2D3D4D

Prenatal tests Amniocentesis- Having an amniocentesis prenatal test during pregnancy can diagnose birth defects that may cause health problems for your baby Down syndrome and other chromosome abnormalities structural defects such as spina bifida and anencephaly inherited metabolic disorder Chorionic villi sampling- Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is the removal of a small piece of placenta tissue (chorionic villi) from the uterus during early pregnancy to screen the baby for genetic defects.

A healthy pregnancy: Nutrition 1 st trimester2 nd trimester3 rd trimester Grains 7 ounces 9 ounces Vegetables 3 cups 3.5 cups Fruits 2 cups Milk 3 cups Meat and Beans 6 ounces 6.5 ounces

While you're in the hospital, if you choose or if it's necessary for you to receive anesthesia, it will be administered by a trained anesthesiologist. A variety of pain-control measures, including pain medication and local, epidural, and general anesthesia, are available in the hospital setting

Labor and Delivery- Hospital -- Ninety-nine percent of all births occur in a hospital. For a homier setting, look for a hospital with birthing rooms. These specially equipped facilities feel more like a bedroom than a traditional delivery room, and you can stay in them from labor through recovery.birthslabor Birthing Center -- Certified nurse-midwives usually provide the bulk of care at a free-standing birthing center (also known as a maternity center). These facilities tend to emphasize low-tech approaches to childbirth and are best for low-risk pregnancies. If complications arise, you may have to be transported to a hospital (each center has a relationship with a specific hospital). for a different level of care or emergency care -- if you want an epidural, for example, or if the labor is not progressing properly.epidural Home -- A very small but growing number of couples opt to give birth at home, assisted by a qualified physician or certified nurse-midwife. This is a safe option only for women in excellent health who have had low-risk pregnancies, and optimally, who have already been through at least one complication-free childbirth. Back-up plans should be in place in case a transfer to a hospital is needed.

Stages of labor 1 st stage 2 nd stage 3 rd stage

Apgar test

Pregnancy development Month 1 Missed period 2 Breast begin to swell Pressure on bladder Possible nausea 3 Breasts become firmer and fuller Nausea,fatigue,frequent urination Abdomen becomes slightly larger Uterus is about the size of an orange 2-4 lbs of weight gain 4 Abdomen growing slowly Most discomforts of early pregnancy are gone Appetite increases 5 Enlarged abdomen becomes apparent Slight fetal movements felt Increased size might affect posture 6 Fetal movements –strong kicks,thumps,and bumps lbs of weight gain 7 Increased size may affect posture 8 Discomfort- backache,leg cramps,shortness of breath Fetal kicks may disturb mothers rest lbs of weight gain 9 Lightening is felt as the fetus drops into the pelvis –breathing becomes easier lbs weight gain False labor pains may be experienced

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