POLITICAL PARTIES Not mentioned in Constitution Washington’s warning Farewell address Madison’s concern Federal paper #10

History of Political Parties in the U.S. Initially, Federalists & Anti-Federalists (Republicans) Republicans from Federalists withered away Era of good feeling--coalition

History of Political Parties in the U.S. Election of 1824 caused parties Jackson and Democrats Whigs

History of Political Parties in the U.S. Republican party developed because of slavery issues Republicans, Democrats, and sporadic 3rd parties ever since Perot Ventura

Effects of Political Parties in U.S. Benefits of parties Legitimacy of results Responsibility Predictability

Effects of Political Parties in U.S. Political Parties in Legislative Bodies Organization Discipline

Effects of Political Parties in U.S. U.S. two party system U.S. system favors two parties RepublicanDemocrat

Effects of Political Parties in U.S. Parties weaker than in other countries More decentralized Separation of powers

Effects of Political Parties in U.S. Results of two party system Stability Similarity between parties

Effects of Political Parties in U.S. U.S.--Winner-take-all Each House member represents part of a state People vote for candidates, not parties Top vote getter in each election wins

Effects of Political Parties in U.S. Example Each of the 435 races Republicans 1,000,001 Democrats 1,000,000 Reform 200,000 Result 435 Republicans elected to House of Representatives But the President could be a Democrat

POLITICAL SYSTEMS IN OTHER COUNTRIES

Israel--Proportional representation Knesset--members represent the entire nation of Israel People vote for parties, not candidates Interior Exterior

Israel--Proportional representation Each party has a prioritized list of candidates 120 seats are awarded in proportion to votes received by each party Minimum of 1.5% 1. Rubenstein 2. Goldfarb 3. Ben Gurion 4. Ben Gay

Israel (cont.) Example Nationwide Republicans 500,000 Democrats 400,000 Reform 300,000 Results Republicans 50 Democrats 40 Reform 30

Israel (cont.) The Current Knesset One Israel 26 Likud 19 Shas 17 Meretz others with 1-7 members

Israel (cont.) Prime Minister Direct election by people since 1996 A no-confidence vote in the Knesset results in a new election

Israel (cont.) Prior to 1996 The coalition that got at least 60 votes picked one of its members as Prime Minister This is a Parliamentary System Still used in many countries, e.g, Japan

Israel (cont.) Pros and cons?