DEPRESSION Dr Ros Weston Psychology

DSM IV Clinical Characteristics See attached sheet & Anaclitic depression

Advantages & Disadvantages Of DSM IV & Theories as well as causation

Evidence Family studies Gershon (1990) on genetic factors in first degree relatives (or depression and bi-polar disorders ) 2-3  rate for normal population. Egeland (1987) studied Amish – Eleve / 81 Relatives in one family Affected – against trend of low level in Amish community. Gene mapping may be possible in future. Hodgekinson (1987) Extended families in Iceland – no evidence of geo. Perhaps it is ‘social learning’ in depressive families. Adoption studies (Wender et al) Twin Studies Allen (1976;Betelsen et al (1977))

Theories   Permissive Amine Theory e.g. noradrenalin & serotonin dopamine may be involved. So neuro – transmitter originate (Kety, 1975) Tueting et al (1981)   Treatment : Anti-depressants ‘Monoamine oxidase inhibitors “Treatment aetiology fallacy”   Biological : Endocrine system e.g. PMT (Abramowity et al (1982))   PPD (Post Natal Depression)   Coati sol (stress) ) Barlow & Durand, (1995) Also - Depression Schemes in Cognitive Model. (Beck & Clark 1988) Cognitive triad Depression & Diet trypohan & serotonin in carbonate intake.

Causation Explanation All your approaches (choose 2+2 as back up)or use Multi-dimensional model. “Theory of learned helpenen” Seligman StressDiathesis CausationEvolutionary Psychological factors -CultureBiochemistry -Social factorsNeurochemistry -experience Interactivity Culture between all of these SocialGenes factors Biology Experience