Psychological Disorders Psychology 1107

Why study disorders? Disorders are pretty pervasive 400 million people worldwide Schizophrenia and depression are culture free Help us understand normal folks Maybe disordered have too much or too little of something They are sick, HELP THEM! Disorders are pretty pervasive 400 million people worldwide Schizophrenia and depression are culture free Help us understand normal folks Maybe disordered have too much or too little of something They are sick, HELP THEM!

What is a disorder To understand and study disorders we must first define what disordered means Atypical Disturbing Maladaptive Unjustifiable Varies culturally Varies temporally Harm is the key really To understand and study disorders we must first define what disordered means Atypical Disturbing Maladaptive Unjustifiable Varies culturally Varies temporally Harm is the key really

Where do disorders come from? Evil! Remove blood, hair teeth, that ought to take care of it…. Drill a hole in the skull…. Evil! Remove blood, hair teeth, that ought to take care of it…. Drill a hole in the skull….

Medical Perspective Pinel realized it wasn’t demons Stressors, inhumane treatment Syphilis Still a pretty popular idea Brain problems Schizophrenia and depression are treated with drugs Pinel realized it wasn’t demons Stressors, inhumane treatment Syphilis Still a pretty popular idea Brain problems Schizophrenia and depression are treated with drugs

Bio Psycho Social Perspective Interaction of nature and nurture While schizophrenia and depression are universal, others are not So say anxiety may lead to one disorder in one place and one in another Pretty popular approach nowadays Interaction of nature and nurture While schizophrenia and depression are universal, others are not So say anxiety may lead to one disorder in one place and one in another Pretty popular approach nowadays

Classify Have to know the overall characteristics of a disorder DSM Doesn’t please everyone Doesn’t talk about causes Neurotic vs. psychotic disorders Have to know the overall characteristics of a disorder DSM Doesn’t please everyone Doesn’t talk about causes Neurotic vs. psychotic disorders

DSM Many categories Properly used the DSM is valid and reliable Critics say it is just labeling Rosenhan (1973) More and more people seem to understand the idea of it being more like sickness Many categories Properly used the DSM is valid and reliable Critics say it is just labeling Rosenhan (1973) More and more people seem to understand the idea of it being more like sickness

A warning… This system is for trained professionals Please do not try this at home… This system is for trained professionals Please do not try this at home…

Anxiety disorders Generalized anxiety disorders, phobias, OCD GAD is also known as ‘free floating anxiety’ Cam escalate into a panic attack Scary Avoid situations agoraphobia Generalized anxiety disorders, phobias, OCD GAD is also known as ‘free floating anxiety’ Cam escalate into a panic attack Scary Avoid situations agoraphobia

Phobias Anxiety is focused on some object or situation Can be incapacitating Easily treated More on that in another lecture…. Anxiety is focused on some object or situation Can be incapacitating Easily treated More on that in another lecture….

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Many of us can see a bit of OCD in ourselves When it interferes with daily life, that is when it becomes a problem So where do OCD and GAD come from? Learning Evolutionary explanations Many of us can see a bit of OCD in ourselves When it interferes with daily life, that is when it becomes a problem So where do OCD and GAD come from? Learning Evolutionary explanations

Dissociaciative disorders Amnesia Fugue Dissociative Identity Disorder (MPD) Only in America…. May not really even exist Amnesia Fugue Dissociative Identity Disorder (MPD) Only in America…. May not really even exist

Mood disorders We all have bad days, but not like this Major depressive disorder involves Lethargy Loss of interest in everything Feelings of worthlessness Not just being sad Dysthimic disorder is a minor version We all have bad days, but not like this Major depressive disorder involves Lethargy Loss of interest in everything Feelings of worthlessness Not just being sad Dysthimic disorder is a minor version

Bipolar disorder From depression to mania Grandiose optimism Too much esteem No sex differences From depression to mania Grandiose optimism Too much esteem No sex differences

Some key depressing facts.. Cognitive changes Depression is widespread Sex differences Usually short lived Stressful events before onset Rate increasing, age of onset decreasing Cognitive changes Depression is widespread Sex differences Usually short lived Stressful events before onset Rate increasing, age of onset decreasing

Biology Clear genetic effects NE and 5Ht correlate with mood Most drugs that are effective operate on these systems Clear genetic effects NE and 5Ht correlate with mood Most drugs that are effective operate on these systems

Social cognitive approach Self defeating moods and thoughts Thoughts feed moods Moods feed thoughts Aww what’s the use…. Self defeating moods and thoughts Thoughts feed moods Moods feed thoughts Aww what’s the use….

Schizophrenia IS NOT MULTIPLE PERSONALITY DISORDER It is disordered thinking It is distorted perceptions It is inappropriate emotins and actions Can be chronic or acute IS NOT MULTIPLE PERSONALITY DISORDER It is disordered thinking It is distorted perceptions It is inappropriate emotins and actions Can be chronic or acute

Types Positive and negative symptoms Paranoid Disorganized Catatonic undifferentiated Positive and negative symptoms Paranoid Disorganized Catatonic undifferentiated

Why? Not social Genetic Biological Dopamine is the key Not social Genetic Biological Dopamine is the key

Personality disorders Debilitating personality, not just annoying Borderline Narcissistic Histrionic Antisocial Psychopath or sociopath Debilitating personality, not just annoying Borderline Narcissistic Histrionic Antisocial Psychopath or sociopath

Rates About 30 % of people have had a disorder, about 20 % have one right now Remember this includes phobias, drug problems Two times higher under the poverty line Something has to be done About 30 % of people have had a disorder, about 20 % have one right now Remember this includes phobias, drug problems Two times higher under the poverty line Something has to be done