The External Environment 　報告人：徐敏倫 指導老師：任維廉 教授 報告日期：2009/10/08 2017/4/23 交通大學 運輸科技與管理學系 碩二 徐敏倫

自我介紹 徐敏倫 桃園人 任老師 TMM LAB 北京交通大學 排球 相約來慢跑 2017/4/23 交通大學 運輸科技與管理學系 碩二 徐敏倫

Agenda 1. The environment domain 2. Environmental uncertainty 3. Adapting to environmental uncertainty 4. Organizational responses to uncertainty 5. Resource dependence 6. Controlling environmental resources 7. Discussion 2017/4/23 交通大學 運輸科技與管理學系 碩二 徐敏倫

Introduction Open systems Environmental uncertainty  organizations The relationship between organization and environment. Environmental uncertainty  organizations Uncertainty type Deal with environmental uncertainty Information Resources 2017/4/23 交通大學 運輸科技與管理學系 碩二 徐敏倫

1. The Environment Domain International context Task environment Market Sector Technology Economic Conditions Industry Government Human Resources Raw Materials Financial International Sociocultural Organization General environment 2017/4/23 交通大學 運輸科技與管理學系 碩二 徐敏倫

2. Environmental Uncertainty Where uncertainty comes? Insufficient information Why uncertainty affect organizations? Need for information about environment Need for resources from environment Uncertainty dimensions Simple—complex Stable—unstable 2017/4/23 交通大學 運輸科技與管理學系 碩二 徐敏倫

Framework for assessing environmental uncertainty Complex Simple Stable Unstable Low Uncertainty High Uncertainty Low- Moderate Uncertainty High- Moderate Uncertainty Small, similar The same change slowly Ex: Soft drink bottles Large, dissimilar Ex: Insurance companies Change frequently and unpredictably Ex: Fashion clothing Ex: Computer firms Environmental complexity change 2017/4/23 交通大學 運輸科技與管理學系 碩二 徐敏倫

3. Adapting to Environmental Uncertainty (1) Position and departments External complexity  size  internal complexity (2) Buffering and boundary-spanning Absorbing uncertainty Link organization with key elements in external environment 2017/4/23 交通大學 運輸科技與管理學系 碩二 徐敏倫

3. Adapting to Environmental Uncertainty (3) Differentiation and integration High differentiation needs greater integration Quality of collaboration (4) Organic vs. mechanistic Unstable  organic Stable  mechanistic (5) Planning and forecasting More uncertainty needs more importance 2017/4/23 交通大學 運輸科技與管理學系 碩二 徐敏倫

4. Organizational Responses to Uncertainty Complex Simple Stable Unstable Low Uncertainty High Uncertainty Low- Moderate Uncertainty High- Moderate Uncertainty Mechanistic Few department No integrating role Low speed response Many department, some boundary spanning Few integration roles Moderate-speed response Organic, teamwork Few department, much boundary spanning Fast response Differentiate department, extensive boundary spanning Many integrating roles High-speed response Environmental complexity change 2017/4/23 交通大學 運輸科技與管理學系 碩二 徐敏倫

5. Resource Dependence Dependence , risk  Dilemma for managers Depend on the environment but try to minimize their dependence. 2017/4/23 交通大學 運輸科技與管理學系 碩二 徐敏倫

6. Controlling environmental resources Establishing Interorganizational linkages Ownership Formal strategic alliances Cooptation, interlocking directorate Executive recruitment Advertising, public relations Controlling the Environmental Domain Change domains Political activity, regulation Trade associations Illegitimate activity 2017/4/23 交通大學 運輸科技與管理學系 碩二 徐敏倫

Environmental characteristics & organizational actions domain (ten sectors) High complexity Establishment of favorable linkages: ownership, strategic alliances, cooptations, interlocking directorates, executive recruitment, advertising, and public relations Organic structure and systems with low formalization, decentralization, and low standardization to enable a high-speed response Many departments and boundary roles Greater differentiation and more integrators for internal coordination uncertainty High rate of change Scarcity of valued resources Resource dependence Control of the environmental domain: change of domain, political activity, regulation, trade associations, and illegitimate activities 2017/4/23 交通大學 運輸科技與管理學系 碩二 徐敏倫

7. Discussion International sector vs. international context B to B  Supply chain competitiveness 2017/4/23 交通大學 運輸科技與管理學系 碩二 徐敏倫

Q & A Thanks for your attention. 2017/4/23 交通大學 運輸科技與管理學系 碩二 徐敏倫