PUBLIC HEALTH IN CANADA

Public Health the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals

Includes aspects of –environmental health, –community health, –behavioral health, –health economics, –public policy, –insurance, – medicine –occupational health

Role: to improve health and quality of life –Disease prevention hand washing, breastfeeding, vaccinations, condom distribution –Disease treatment –Surveillance –Mental health

What’s new Ottawa Public Health Flu Clinics Rabies West Nile Virus Ottawa Public Health 2011 Annual Report2011 Annual Report Healthy Eating, Active Living and Healthy Weights in Ottawa, 2012 Clinics, classes and drop-ins The Sexual Health Centre Prenatal classes Food handler certification Baby Express and Breastfeeding Support Drop-ins Immunization clinics Popular topics Update your child’s immunization record Restaurant inspections ACESS and other services to help people quit smoking Try the “Check Your Drinking” self assessment tool Food recalls and advisories for Ottawa Dental services Highlights Healthy Smiles Ontario How to protect yourself and your family from Salmonella Let's Clear the Air: A renewed strategy for a smoke-free Ottawa

What do you think are the current issues? 1.Consider if the issue is affecting more than a few individuals 2.Is it something that could affect a larger group of people if not controlled? 3.Does it negatively affect a group of people? 4.Did you see the issue on the PHAC website?

obesity and no exercise HIGohttp:// 6HIGo

What is diabetes? type I: you don’t produce insulin –formerly “juvenile” or insulin-dependent type II: you don’t react to insulin –formerly “adult onset” or insulin-independent

Type I Diabetes - an autoimmune response that leaves the pancreas incapable of producing insulin – therefore glucose builds up in the blood. Patients with Type I diabetes need insulin medication to survive. - the cause is not fully understood but there is a genetic link.

if insulin is absent glucose is filtered out by the kidneys...diabetes mellitus the person wastes away...

Type II Diabetes - body cells (fat and muscle) do not respond correctly to insulin – insulin resistance - high levels of blood sugar develop (hyperglycemia); also a decline in insulin production by the pancreas - most people with the disease are overweight – increased fat makes it harder for your body to use insulin the correct way

Risk Factors include: -Older than 45 years (this is changing) -Excess body weight -Family history of diabetes -Low activity level

Why is Type II Diabetes a concern? - used to occur in individuals over 30 years old; now patients who are barely teenager are developing Type II diabetes. - Type II is more common than Type I diabetes in childhood. - biggest risk factors are poor eating habits, obesity and lack of exercise

Type II diabetes complications Increased risk of cardiovascular problems Nerve damage Kidney damage Eye damage Nerve damage in feet Bacterial/fungal skin infections Gum infections Link to Alzheimer’s disease

abc’s of diabetes wugug

What do you think? Do you think the government should be spending money on physical activity campaigns to help prevent diabetes? Or do you think that the government should help by investing in pharmaceutical companies and in diabetes research in order to come up with an effective treatment?

Whatcha think… What kind of programs should be started to prevent or reverse the diabetes epidemic – a program that gives the government the most bang for its bucks? 4c0

Canada temporarily shuts plant linked to tainted beef Fri Sep 28, :01am EDT Print This Article Print This Article | Single Page [-] Text [+] (Reuters) - The Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) has temporarily shut a meatpacking plant linked to contaminated beef products that have sickened several people and been distributed across Canada and the United States. The operators of privately held XL Foods' plant in Brooks, Alberta have not done enough to prevent contamination by E. coli bacteria, the CFIA said on Friday. "All products currently at this plant are under CFIA detention and control," the agency said in a statement. "XL Foods Inc will not resume operations until they have demonstrated that they have fully implemented CFIA's required corrective actions." Several people have been sickened after eating steaks believed to have been contaminated with E. coli, which were bought at a Costco Wholesale Corp store in Edmonton, Alberta. The supplier of the tainted meat has not been identified. XL Foods said on Wednesday there was no definitive link between its products and the cases of illness. The company's officials could not be immediately reached for comment Friday. On Friday, the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Food Safety and Inspection Service expanded a public health alert about potentially tainted beef from the plant, that may have made its way to U.S. grocery stores in more than 30 states, including Wal-Mart Stores Inc and Safeway. XL Foods is recalling the products, which include steaks, roasts and ground beef. The United States halted imports of beef products from the XL Foods plant on September 13. VOLUNTARY RECALL Beginning early in September, XL Foods had voluntarily recalled more than 250 beef products made at the plant after positive findings of E. coli. CFIA said it would recall more products over the next few days as it traces their movement.

From Canadian Food Inspection Agency, October 8 th … Why you should take note Products contaminated with E. coli O157 can pose a serious public health risk. To date, the Public Health Agency of Canada has been working with its health and food safety partners on an investigation into E. coli O157 illnesses that have been linked to the food safety investigation at XL Foods Inc. Today, one case of E. coli O157 illness under investigation in British Columbia has been confirmed to be linked to the specific strain of E. coli O157 observed in the XL Foods Inc. food safety investigation. The individual became ill more than two weeks ago and has recovered.

Based on all the information collected to date— epidemiological, microbiological and food safety—the following cases of illness are linked to products from XL Foods Inc. or illnesses associated with the XL Foods Inc. food safety investigation. Province / Territory Total confirmed cases Alberta7 Newfoundland and Labrador1 Quebec2 British Columbia1 Total11 At this time, there are no other cases linked to the specific strain of E. coli O157 observed in the XL Foods Inc. food safety investigation.

What you should do Most strains of E. coli are harmless; however, some strains, such as E. coli O157:H7, can make people sick, causing severe stomach cramps, diarrhea and vomiting. Serious complications of an E. coli O157:H7 infection can include kidney failure. If you think you are sick with an E. coli O157:H7 infection, consult a healthcare professional.

Symptoms of an E. coli O157:H7 infection Like other foodborne illnesses, the symptoms of E. coli infection mainly involve the gut. Symptoms may vary from person to person; however, they often include : –severe stomach cramps; –diarrhea (often watery and may develop into bloody); –vomiting; and –fever (generally not very high—usually less than 38.5˚C/101˚F). Around 5 to 10 per cent of those who get sick from E. coli O157:H7 overall and about 15 per cent of young children and the elderly develop hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), which can be fatal. Symptoms of HUS vary. Some people have seizures or strokes and some need blood transfusions and kidney dialysis. Others live with side effects such as permanent kidney damage. Symptoms usually last five to seven days.

Food safety is a public health issue –Public Health Agency of Canada collaborates with Canadian Food Inspection Agency and Health Canada –Together they address the issue and look for solutions

Short-term goals Recall of contaminate food Alerting medical authorities Stopping the chain, ex. shutting down the plant

Long-term goals Investigating what happened Learning from it –New procedures/guidelines –education

What you can do Learn about the food! Common causes of food illness: –Listeria –Salmonella –E.coli –Clostridium botulinum –Shigella –Novovirus

Put together Cause: Symptoms: Protecting yourself: