NATIONAL RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE FOR BIOLOGY AND ANIMAL NUTRITION ROLE OF ENRICHED CALCIUM AND IRON YEASTS IN COELIAC DISEASE MARIN D.E. 1, DUTA D. 2, BARBULESCU D. 2, PISTOL G.C. 1 and I. TARANU 1 1 National Institute for Research and Development for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Laboratory of Animal Biology, Calea Bucuresti, no. 1, Balotesti, Ilfov 2 National Institute for Research and Development for Food Bioresouces, Bucharest, Romania 3 S.C. PharmacorpInnovation, Bucharest, Romania ROLE OF ENRICHED CALCIUM AND IRON YEASTS IN COELIAC DISEASE MARIN D.E. 1, DUTA D. 2, BARBULESCU D. 2, PISTOL G.C. 1 and I. TARANU 1 1 National Institute for Research and Development for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Laboratory of Animal Biology, Calea Bucuresti, no. 1, Balotesti, Ilfov 2 National Institute for Research and Development for Food Bioresouces, Bucharest, Romania 3 S.C. PharmacorpInnovation, Bucharest, Romania Introduction Results and discussion Selected bibliography Material and Methods Conclusions Coeliac disease (CD) is an autoimmune enteropathy manifested in genetically susceptible individuals due to their permanent intolerance to wheat gluten (Sollid et al. 2000). Gluten proteins and their toxic components (gliadins) are partially resistant to proteolytic degradation and can accumulate and interact with the small intestinal mucosa (Hausch et al., 2002). This disease is considered as both a food hypersensitivity and an autoimmune disorder that involves genetic and environmental factors (Sollid and Khosla, 2005). It is characterized by villous atrophy and crypt hyperplasia, primarily in the duodenum and jejunum, with inflammatory changes leading to malabsorption (Gujral et al., 2012). In CD- patients, malabsorption is frequently encountered (McGough et al., 2005) and micronutrient deficiencies may arise (Dickey et al., 2008). For this reason, patients with coeliac disease need vitamin and mineral supplements in addition to a gluten free diet (Malterre, 2009). In the present study, we have analyzed the effect of some bread and vine strains of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) enriched with minerals (Ca, Fe or both) on human colon carcinoma Caco-2 cell line. 1mg/mL gliadin induced a significant decrease of cell Caco2 cell viability, as resulted from the MTT test.  Gliadin significantly decrease cell viability and transepithelial electrical resistance of the CaCo2 cells.  SC6 - an yeast enriched with iron, (1mg/mL) significantly improve cell viability decreased by gliadin.  SC6 - an yeast enriched with iron and SC8 - an yeast enriched with calcium and iron at the concentration of 1mg/mL significantly improve the transepithelial electrical resistance of the CaCo2 cells.  The use of fermented products fortified with minerals could improve the general health status in CD diagnosed patients. 1.Sollid. L.M Coeliac disease: dissecting a complex inflammatory disorder Nature Reviews Immunology 2, Gujral N, Freeman HJ, Thomson AB Celiac disease: prevalence, diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment. World J. Gastroenterol. 18(42): McGough N., Cumminigs JH Coeliac disease: a diverse clinical syndrome caused by intolerance of wheat, barley and rye. Proc Nutr Soc. 64(4): Dickey W, Kearney N Overweight in celiac disease: prevalence, clinical characteristics, and effect of a gluten-free diet. Am J Gastroenterol. 101(10): Malterre T Digestive and nutritional considerations in celiac disease: could supplementation help?Altern Med Rev. 14(3): This work was supported by the project PCCA2 no.111/2012 financed by UEFISCDI. Acknowledgments Before treatment, gliadins were subjected to a simulated human gastrointestinal digestion with trypsin and pepsin (Drago et al., 2006). Cells were administered 1mg/mL gliadin and two concentrations of yeasts: 1  g/mL and 1mg/mL, respectively. Cells were cultivated in MEM medium supplemented with 2 mM L-Glu, 100 mg/mL penicillin, 100 mg/mL streptomycin and 20% SFV and treated or not with gliadin and yeasts for 48h (MTT test) or for 21 days (TEER experiments). Optical De nsity (nm) Gliadin (1mg/mL) S. cerevisiae (1  g/mL) Optical Density (nm) Gliadin (1mg/mL) S. cerevisiae (1 m g/mL) SC 2 SC 7 SC 8 SC 6 The eight strains analysed, weren’t able to rehabilitate the cell viability affected by gliadin, when administered at a concentration of 1  g/mL. By contrast at the dose of 1mg/mL, only S. cerevisiae strain (SC6), Fe enriched, was able to rehabilitate the viability of Caco2 cells. 1mg/mL gliadin induce an significant decrease of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) as a marker of epithelium integrity, with 22.5 percentage from control. By contrast, in absence of gliadin, the yeast strains did not affect the TEER values as can be seen in the figure 2. SC6 along with another three strains of yeast (enriched in Ca or in both Ca and Fe) were able to improve the TEER values decreased by gliadin. SC6 (Fe enriched), but also SC8 (Ca and Fe enriched) were the most efficient in the restoration of the TER values. * * * TEER (%) * * * Fig. 1 Effect of gliadin and S.cerevisiae yeasts enriched with minerals on cell viability Fig. 2 Effect of gliadin and S.cerevisiae yeasts enriched with minerals on TEER * * * *