THE INSECT HEAD AND ITS APPENDAGES

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Presentation transcript:

THE INSECT HEAD AND ITS APPENDAGES

A good web site for insect anatomy http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/course/ent425/library/tutorials/index.html

Head Capsule Neck Mouthparts

Head Segmentation

Insect Head Occiput Compound Eyes Ocelli Frons Gena Clypeus Mandible Labrum 1st Maxilla Labium (2nd Maxilla)

? ? Insect Heads 3 basic types Prognathous Hypognathous Opisthorhynchous

Insect Heads Evolution of Prognathy 1. Hypostomal Bridge 2. Postgenal Bridge 3. Gula

Insect Mouthparts Labrum Mandible Hypopharynx 1st Maxilla Labium (2nd maxilla)

Insect Mouthparts Labrum -”upper lip” - contains chemosensory sensilla

Insect Mouthparts Mandible Molar surface Incisor surface

Insect Mouthparts Mandible - in a grasshopper -a dicondylic joint -emphasize strength over mobility

Insect Mouthparts 1st Maxilla Cardo Stipes Palp Lacinia Galea

Insect Mouthparts Labium (2nd Maxilla) can be fused to form a Ligula Submentum Mentum Prementum Glossa Palp Paraglossa can be fused to form a Ligula

Comparison of 1st and 2nd Maxillae Cardo Stipes Submentum Mentum Palp Lacinia Prementum Glossa Palp Paraglossa Galea

Hypopharynx Labium Salivarium Hypopharynx Cibarium Cibarium

Modifications of Mouthparts -Piercing and Sucking Front Mandibles Maxillae Channel for food Back Channel for saliva

Modifications of Mouthparts Cutting and Sponging Labrum Mandibles Hypopharynx Labellum Maxillae e. g. deerflies

Modifications of Mouthparts Sponging e.g. housefly

Modifications of Mouthparts Siphoning e.g. butterfly

Modifications of Mouthparts Stabbing e.g. Mosquito

Head Capsule Neck Mouthparts

Tentorium - internal support for the head capsule Posterior arms Anterior arms Dorsal arms Cut away view of the head capsule

Tentorium - internal support for the head capsule

Insect Antenna Antennal sclerite Antennal socket Pedicel Flagellum Antennifer Antennal suture Scape

Insect Antennae Monoliform Aristate Pectinate Capitate Plumose Clavate Serrate Filiform Geniculate

Insect Antennae Monoliform Aristate Capitate Pectinate Clavate Plumose Filiform Serrate Geniculate