AP Biology Nervous Systems Part 5.

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AP Biology Nervous Systems Part 5

Actin and Myosin Microfilaments

EXTRACELLULAR Signal molecule FLUID (first messenger) G protein DAG GTP G-protein-linked receptor PIP2 Phospholipase C IP3 (second messenger) IP3-gated calcium channel Cellular re- sponses Various proteins activated Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ Ca2+ (second messenger) CYTOSOL

Oscilli

Eye Cups

Compound eye up close

Compound eyes of insect

Single Eye

Location of the Retina in your eye

Rods vs. Cones (Look at the shape)

Rods and Cones in the Retina Photoreceptors Neurons Cone Rod Amacrine cell Horizontal cell Optic nerve fibers Ganglion cell Bipolar cell Pigmented epithelium

Locomotion

Swimming and the Fusiform body shape

Walk/Run

Flight

. Synaptic terminal of motor neuron PLASMA MEMBRANE Synaptic cleft T TUBULE ACh SR Ca2+ CYTOSOL Ca2+

. Tropomyosin Ca2+-binding sites Actin Troponin complex Myosin-binding sites blocked. Ca2+ Myosin- binding site Myosin-binding sites exposed.

. Thick filament Thin filaments Thin filament Myosin head (low-energy configuration) Thick filament Cross-bridge binding site Thin filament moves toward center of sacomere. Actin Myosin head (low- energy configuration) Myosin head (high- energy configuration) Cross-bridge