M ARIA M ONTESSORI By: Samantha Rose Berman and Daniela Maria DeBernardo

B ACKGROUND I NFORMATION Birth: August 31, 1870 in Chariavalle, Italy Death: May 06, 1952 in Noordwijk aan Zee, Netherlands Born into an Upper class Roman Catholic family

H ISTORICAL TIME FRAME World War 2 Most women were not educated to in that time Taught Anne Frank

“N EVER HELP A CHILD WITH A TASK AT WHICH HE FEELS HE CAN SUCCEED." – M ARIA M ONTESSORI

D ESCRIPTION OF T HEORY Independence Observation Following the Child Correcting the child Prepared Environment

I NDEPENDENCE Increases self belief, self esteem and self confidence Opportunities to choose what they want to do

O BSERVATION The way adults can learn about what the child’s needs are Watch them explore their environment

F OLLOWING THE CHILD Let the child show you what you want to do Challenging the child Do not always tell them what to do

C ORRECTING THE CHILD All children make mistakes Calmly recognize the mistake No need to correct them, but rather say the word correctly

P REPARED E NVIRONMENT "The teacher’s first duty is to watch over the environment, and this takes precedence over all the rest. It’s influence is indirect, but unless it be well done there will be no effective and permanent results of any kind, physical, intellectual or spiritual." – Maria Montessori. Child sized Work instead of play Freedom of movement and choice

A PPLICATION TO P ARENTING Respect your child in every aspect of their life Freedom of Movement Freedom of Choice

“T O GIVE A CHILD LIBERTY IS NOT TO ABANDON HIM TO HIMSELF.”