Manhasset Science Research Paris Thatos PKC and Memory Manhasset Science Research Paris Thatos

Need Fig 1. Shows trend in drug related deaths. Long-term trend in drug-related deaths Percentage of People Experiencing a Mental Disorder in their Lives Before I get into my topic, I would first like to introduce two common learned behaviors: drug dependence and chronic fears, or phobias You can see in this graph, that the trend of drug related deaths has increased drastically since its standing in 1985 In thjs graph, it is shown that about 14.3% of people suffer from some phobia, and in specific numbers, 6.2 million americans suffer from some phobia Since these two are in essence learned behaviors, it may be possible to suppress them using biochemical means Fig 1. Shows trend in drug related deaths. Fig 2. A graph showing % of people experiencing mental disorders (Gotz, 2004) (Gallaher, 2007)

Long Term Potentiation The complex chemical processes that form long-term memories (Cook, 2006) Fig. 3 The Process of Long Term Potentiation (Kanehisa, 1999)

PKC (Protein Kinase C) Has many isoforms (PKMzeta,PKMa) (Abel, 2004) Fig 4. Process of PKC interaction in Long term Potentiation Involved in the stage of maintenance and expression We believe that memories are stored in the synapses between the neurons, so it would follow that increasing the bond between the neurons would strengthen the memory

Olfactory Memory Capacity of the Cricket Gryllus Bimaculatus Yukihisa Matsumoto, Biology Letters Yukihisa Matsumoto Fig 5. Olfactory Preferences of crickets trained to associate Scent A with water reward and Scent B with saline punishment

Bisindolylmaleimide is a Potent and Selective Inhibitor of PKC Dominique Toullec, The Journal of Biological Chemistry The levels of PKC and PKA Toullec, 2005 Fig 6. The concentrations of PKC when exposed to Bisindolylmaleimide, and the concentrations of a PKC isotype

Formation of Long-term Olfactory Memory in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus Makoto Mizunami, 2005, Chem. Senses Makoto, 2006 Fig 7. A diagram of the head of the cricket. Brain (In blue) is where PKC is believed to be contained in.

PKMzeta maintains spatial, instrumental and classically conditioned Long term memories Peter Serano, Todd C. Sacktor PLoS Biology Fig. 8. The Water Maze in a rat. 1st trial to eigth trial, when the rat has successfully memorized the path to the platform – December 2008 PKMzeta maintains spatial, instrumemtal and classically conditioned Long term memories Trained rats to go through a radial arm maze and a water maze, two mazes that train spatial learning The rats then had the ZIP injected into their bodies The rats completely forgot how to complete both mazes. When released, the rat swims around the pool in search of an exit while various parameters are recorded, including the time spent in each quadrant of the pool, the time taken to reach the platform (latency), and total distance traveled. The rat's escape from the water reinforces its desire to quickly find the platform, and on subsequent trials (with the platform in the same position) the rat is able to locate the platform more rapidly. This improvement in performance occurs because the rat has learned where the hidden platform is located relative to the conspicuous visual cues. After enough practice, a capable rat can swim directly from any release point to the platform. (Morris, 2004)

Purpose/Hypothesis The purpose of this experiment is to see whether Bisindolymaleide disrupts long term memories in Gryllus Bimaculatus when treated with it pre- and post- conditioning It is hypothesized that with all administeringings of Bisindolymaleide, the formation of memories will be inhibited

Grasshopper (Gryllus Bimaculatus) n=120 Statistically analyzed with a T-test (to find statistic significance) followed by a Scheffe post-hoc test (p<o.o5) Trained to associate one scent with reward and one scent with punishment Also, trained to run 塗eat maze� Control group n=30 Reward/Punishment for scent test is water/saline solution Variable group n=30 Reward/Punishment for scent test is water/saline solution (+5M) 5Min water Reward/Punishment for scent test is water/saline solution (+5M), also 5Min water supply Time spent on each scent is recorded for all groups, and time spent finding cool spot in heat maze also recorded

Protocol Gryllus Bimaclatus scent conditioning Obtaining specific concentration of Bisindolylmaleimide Exposure to scents to test whether negative or positive connotations were preserved Recording of time spent on top of each conditioned scent Scent Testing Scent Conditioning (Matsumoto, 2006)

Budget Vendor Catalog # page/website Description Quantty Unit $ Total $ EMDbiosciences 203290 http://www.emdbiosciences.com Bisindolylmaleimide I 1 $40.00 Carolina 143550 http://carolina.com/ Crickets (Living Adults) $6.75 143565 House Cricket Food 2 $6.25 $12.50 695145 Sense of Smell Kit $49.25 199606 Plastic Syringe $3.85 198697 Distilled Water 721207 Pyrex Beaker 100ml 4 $3.65 $14.60 Total = $133.70

Do-ability Materials already stocked in lab: Plastic Syringe Water Sodium Chloride Pyrex Beaker Materials not stocked can be obtained, and protocols are not particularly complex

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