Warmup 01/24 Group Solution Injected X An investigation was conducted using three groups of laboratory rats, X, Y, and Z, to determine the relative effects of glucose and adrenaline on the rate of heartbeat. The experimental conditions for each group of rats were kept the same except for the type of solution injected, as shown in the data table. According to the data table, which group of rats functioned as the control? A. X, only B. Y, only C. Z, only D. both X and Y Group Solution Injected X 1 mL adrenaline in distilled water Y 1 mL glucose in distilled water Z 1 mL distilled water only

Warmup 01/27 A new drug for the treatment of asthma is tested on 100 people. The people are evenly divided into 2 groups. One group is given the drug, the other is given a glucose pill. The group that is given the glucose pill serves as the Experimental Group Limiting Factor Control Indicator

What are Life Processes? Synthesis T Transport E Excretion R Respiration N Nutrition G Growth & Development Regulation Reproduction In order to be alive, organisms must be able to do the following All life processes can be combined into the word metabolism

Is it alive? Living: currently shows STERNGRR Dead: was living at one point Non-living: might show 1 or more characteristics of STERNGRR but does not have all of them

Synthesis Organisms build big things from little things. Ex: protein synthesis: All organisms do this with ribosomes Ex: producing food: Photosynthesis- plants make food Opposite is digestion because digestion breaks large things into small things 5

Transport Movement of materials within an organism. Examples: Multicellular organisms (organisms you can see) circulate blood around the body 6

Transport continued Examples Plants Vascular tissues move things up and down the plant Xylem: transports water up the plant Phloem: transport food down the plant Nonvascular plants are not very tall because they do not have vascular tissues to move things against gravity.

Excretion How an organism get rid of waste Examples In humans, this makes you pee and poop Sweating and peeing are used to balance levels of water, salt and pH (acids) Organs used include kidneys 8

Respiration How the organism gets its energy from food ATP = Energy Two types: Anaerobic: does NOT use oxygen Aerobic: uses oxygen Example: Feeling energized after eating food 9

Nutrition Living things get food and nutrients from the environment Two ways to get energy and nutrients: Autotrophs: make their own food Plants Heterotrophs: eat other organisms for food Animals 10

Growth and Development Growth involves organisms increasing in size or increasing the number of cells in the organism EX: growing from 4ft to 5 ft EX: 1 cell divides into 2 cells 11

Growth and Development (cont) Development involves maturing physically and mentally EX: puberty in humans EX: metamorphosis in butterflies and frogs

Regulation Keeping conditions in the body constant Maintaining homeostasis. Homeostasis means to keep things inside the body the same Things to keep constant pH of stomach and blood Temperature Salt levels 13

Reproduction Involves producing more organisms of the same species Asexual reproduction: 1 organism producing offspring alone Sexual reproduction: 2 organisms producing offpring together Means that DNA is exchanged 14

Reproduction Continued Methods of reproduction Seeds (sexual) Spores (spores) Eggs (sexual) Sperm (sexual)

Warmup 1/28 Which condition is necessary for an experiment to yield useful data? Similar results should be obtained when the experiment is repeated Only the expected results should be considered each time the experiment is performed The hypothesis must be correct The experimental period must be short

Warmup 01/31 In one of his experiments with pea plants, Mendel notes that 75% of the offspring of a certain cross had green pea pods. This statement would be considered____. An observation An inference A hypothesis A conclusion

Scientific Method Graphing

Grpahing Graphs must have: Title Key Labeled Axes X Axis Y Axis

Steps to the Scientific Method 4. Interpreting Data  Graphs and Tables Types of Graphs: 1. Line Graph – shows a relationship

Steps to the Scientific Method Interpreting Data a. Types of Graphs: 2. Bar Graph – used to compare information

Steps to the Scientific Method 5. Interpreting Types of Graphs: 3. Pie Graph – shows percentages; must add up to 100%

Warmup 2/03 What is an example of the following characteristics of STERNGRR? Synthesis Respiration Regulation

Scientific Method

Steps to the Scientific Method State the Problem Make sure you are only studying ONE problem at a time! Make sure the question you are asking is related to biology!

Steps to the Scientific Method Form a Hypothesis Educated guess; possible answer to your question Written as an “If…then…” statement Why is this event happening?

Steps to the Scientific Method Experimentation A test of the hypothesis Parts of an experiment Independent Variable: what is tested Dependent Variable: how the IV is measured Control group: group that is most normal, is not changed Experimental group: group that is changed, receives the IV

Scientific Method Scenario #1 Raven tests to see if fertilizing marigolds increases the number of flowers produced. She has four containers of marigolds. In two containers she uses potting soil and in two containers she mixes potting soil and fertilizer. After one month, she counts the number of flowers on each plant and records her data.

Steps to the Scientific Method 4. Interpreting Data Make a graph of your finding

Steps to the Scientific Method Draw Conclusions Use data to make summaries Discussion of problems with experiment Discussions of options for future experiments