Cell Energetics Test Review
1. Cell organelles and functions
Which organelles are only in plants, not animals? Chloroplast Cell wall
Which organelles are found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes? Cell membrane Cell wall Ribosomes
What is the increasing order of levels of orginazation Cell- tissue- organ- system- organism
What advantage do multicellular organisms have over unicellular organisms? Their cells are specialized for different functions
What is the purpose of cilia and flagella? Movement (mobility, motility)
What is the endosymbiotic Theory? Prokaryotic cell engulfs other prokaryotic cell eventually becoming a primitive plant cell or animal cell
2. Passive Transport
Why is this type of transport celled “passive”? No energy is used
What is the diffusion of water called? osmosis
Identify hypotonic, Hypertonic, Isotonic: More h2o less solute- hypotonic Less h20 more solute- hypertonic Same h20 and solute- isotonic
What type of diffusion uses carrier proteins? Facilitated diffusion
Which direction do molecules move across the concentration gradient in this type of transport? High to low concentrations
What is a semipermeable membrane? Allows certain materials to pass through and others cant
How does the size of molecules affect movement across a membrane? Smaller things move accros
3. Active transport
Why is this type of transport called “active” ? Uses energy
What are examples of active transport? Phagocytosis Pinocytosis Exocytosis Sodium/ potassium pump
Which direction do molecules move across the concentration gradient in this type of transport? Low to high
Why is the sodium potassium pump considered active transport? Uses energy to move from low concentrations to high concentrations
4. Photosynthesis
In what organelle does this occur? chloroplast
What are the reactants of photosynthesis? H20 + CO2, and energy
What are the products of photosynthesis? C6h12o6 + o2+ energy
What is the chemical formula for glucose? c6h12o6
What does a polymer look like?
5. Cellular Respiration
In what organelle does this occur mitochondria
What do glycolysis, fermentation, and cellular respiration have in common? They are all metabolic pathways that obtain and use energy
What does ATP break down during cellular respiration? glucose
If a cell runs out of oxygen what type of respiration will it revert to? anaerobic
What is the purpose of the Electron Transport chain? ATP for energy is made to be utilized by the cell?
6. Cellular transport and energy
If water is leaving a solution to enter a cell, the solution is …. Hypotonic, Water flows OUT of a hypotonic solution
If water is leaving the cell to enter the solution, the solution is… Hypertonic Water flows into a hypertonic solution
Name the process: H20 + Co2→c6h12o6 Photosynthesis
Name the process: c6h12o6 +o2→ h2o + co2 Cellular respiration
When preforming the experiments in class, what solution is commonly used as a control? Distilled water
Why is it necessary to have a control For comparison
In the diagram below, what is being used and being produced? X- energy Y-energy