ISLAM

ISLAM FACTS 1.6 billion adherents 1.6 billion adherents 2 nd largest 2 nd largest Fastest growing Fastest growing Monotheistic Monotheistic God is called Allah—99 beautiful names for Allah like The Mighty, The Strong, The Merciful, The Everlasting, The Beginning, The Last, the Avenger of Evil, and The Bringer of Peace God is called Allah—99 beautiful names for Allah like The Mighty, The Strong, The Merciful, The Everlasting, The Beginning, The Last, the Avenger of Evil, and The Bringer of Peace

MISBAH

MUHAMMAD FOUNDED ISLAM. In 622 CE/AD In 622 CE/AD In Saudi Arabia In Saudi Arabia Islam means “surrender” or “submission” Islam means “surrender” or “submission” Adherents called Muslims Adherents called Muslims Worldwide community called Umma Worldwide community called Umma Indonesia, North Africa, India, SE Asia and USA Indonesia, North Africa, India, SE Asia and USA

MOSQUE: PAHANG, MALAYSIA

MOSQUES: GERMANY AND BAGHDAD

MUEZZIN OR “CRIER”

PRAY 5X DAILY FACING MECCA

IMAM LEADS JUMA, FRIDAY NOON PRAYER

FOUNDATIONS OF ISLAM Muhammad (PBUH)

QUR’AN “recitation” or “reading” “recitation” or “reading” Written in Arabic—right to left, back to front, like Hebrew Written in Arabic—right to left, back to front, like Hebrew 114 Suras/chapters 114 Suras/chapters It is the sacred presence in the world…like Jesus for Christians. It is the sacred presence in the world…like Jesus for Christians. Direct words of Allah through a series of revelations spanning 22 years Direct words of Allah through a series of revelations spanning 22 years Revered as a miracle because Muhammad was illiterate. Revered as a miracle because Muhammad was illiterate.

HADITH A collection of teachings thought to derive from the prophet and his companions A collection of teachings thought to derive from the prophet and his companions

THE PROPHET MUHAMMAD Born 570 CE Born 570 CE In Mecca, Saudi Arabia In Mecca, Saudi Arabia Orphaned Orphaned Married Khadija—1 st convert to Islam Married Khadija—1 st convert to Islam 6 children 6 children Religious man, often praying and meditating alone on Mt. Hira Religious man, often praying and meditating alone on Mt. Hira

MUHAMMAD AS PROPHET Angel Gabriel commanded, “Recite!” Angel Gabriel commanded, “Recite!” Huh?? What shall I recite? Huh?? What shall I recite? 610 CE: Night of Power and Excellence 610 CE: Night of Power and Excellence 22 years—series of revelations from God/Allah 22 years—series of revelations from God/Allah Not well received in polytheistic Arabia Not well received in polytheistic Arabia Taught the “Oneness” of God—pure monotheism Taught the “Oneness” of God—pure monotheism Stressed social and economic justice Stressed social and economic justice 622 emigrated to Yathrib (Medina)--Hijra 622 emigrated to Yathrib (Medina)--Hijra

SEAL (LAST) OF THE PROPHETS Sunna: the practical example of Muhammad through his actions and teachings Sunna: the practical example of Muhammad through his actions and teachings Muslims look to the Qur’an/Hadith and the Sunna or “custom” of the prophet. Muslims look to the Qur’an/Hadith and the Sunna or “custom” of the prophet.

CALLIGRAPHY IN ISLAMIC ART

OTHER PROPHETS IN ISLAM Abraham  Father of the Arab people as well as the Israelites  Son Ishmael moved to Mecca with his mother Hagar Moses  Judaism’s greatest prophet  Ten commandments from Mt. Sinai Jesus Christ  Delivered the Golden Rule  Will usher in the Day of Judgment at the end of the world.

ISLAMIC BELIEFS ON HUMAN NATURE/DESTINY No original sin No original sin Forgetfulness was key to the Fall in the Garden of Eden. Forgetfulness was key to the Fall in the Garden of Eden. Day of Judgment—heaven or hell awaits us all. Day of Judgment—heaven or hell awaits us all. Preceded by coming of Mahdi—savior figure/Messiah Preceded by coming of Mahdi—savior figure/Messiah Then Jesus Christ will return to Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem for the Day of Judgment. Then Jesus Christ will return to Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem for the Day of Judgment.

SHARI’A LAW: BASED ON QUR’AN AND HADITH

5 PILLARS OF ISLAM

1 ST PILLAR: SHAHADA “There is no god but God, and Muhammad is the messenger of God.”

2 ND PILLAR--SALAT

3 RD PILLAR--SAWM “fasting” during daylight hours…sun up to sun down during 9 th month of the year “fasting” during daylight hours…sun up to sun down during 9 th month of the year Ramadan (“parched”) Ramadan (“parched”) Reminds Muslims of the suffering of the poor Reminds Muslims of the suffering of the poor Give up bad habits (Lent) Give up bad habits (Lent)

4 TH PILLAR--ZAKAT

5 TH PILLAR--HAJJ

BRANCHES OF ISLAM: SUNNI AND SHI’A

HALAL

EID AL FITR FESTIVAL OF THE BREAKING OF THE FAST

DAY OF ARAFAT

MUHARRAM: ISLAMIC NEW YEAR

AKIKAH CEREMONY

HIJAB

NIQAB

BURQA

KUFI

THOBE GHUTRA

ALLAHU AKBAR! “God is great!”

AS-SALAMU ALAYKUM! “Peace be upon you!”

WA ALAYKUMU SALAM! “And peace to you!”