Marine & Aquatic Sensor Arrays Ken Johnson Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute
Sustained, Integrated Ocean Observing Networks Observatories Network Issues Biogeochemical Sensor Systems General Outline:
Ocean Observatories Initiative Ocean Observatories Initiative Approved by the National Science Board for a Future NSF Budget Includes: Coastal Observatories Plate Scale Observatory Global Mooring Observatory
Partners University of Washington Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution National Aeronautics & Space AdministrationNational Aeronautics & Space Administration, JPL JPL Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute NEPTUNE Canada (IPOST)
MARS (the Monterey Accelerated Research System). A cabled observatory in Monterey Bay built with NEPTUNE infrastructure as a proof of concept.
Tropical Atmosphere Ocean project Real-time data from moored ocean buoys for improved detection, understanding and prediction of El Niño and La Niña.
Issues - Existing ocean observing systems such as TAO & ARGO deal with relatively simple data sets of well known format - e.g. vertical T & Salinity profiles. New sensors cannot be easily fit into the platform or data system. Data transmission from unattended platforms in the middle of the ocean is a problem. ARGO Global Profiling Drifter Array Temp. & Salinity of Ocean Interior
E.g., the MBARI OASIS System - Now two moorings in Monterey Bay & two in the equatorial Pacific. M2 M1
MBARI OASIS Moorings The OASIS moorings communicate by ARGOS, microwave or packet radio. Adding new sensors becomes a large software configuration issue, particularly for complicated sensors.
M1 Mooring Configuration Schedule 07/03 Initial configuration meeting 08/02 Final science list 08/03 Evaluate configuration 08/04 Instruments on hand for testing 08/07 Assemble instruments & configure - 5 days 08/14 Configure software - 15 days 09/04 Software test - 5 days 09/11 Close controller and install - 5 days 09/19 Complete system test - 5 days 09/28 Data download test - 1 day 10/04 Deploy mooring & cross your fingers
Software Infrastructure for the MBARI Ocean Observing System Tom O’Reilly Duane Edgington
MOOS software Application software for sensors, user interfaces, databases, etc. Distributed applications are “glued” together by smart network infrastructure
Smart network Self-organizing; applications are notified by infrastructure when network configuration changes –E.g., database ingest engine always “aware” of available sensors Enables automatic configuration, remote control, and autonomous coordination of sensors
Network configuration “Just plug the sensor in, and it works!” Easily replace, remove, or add a new kind of sensor Remote update of sensor’s driver software Minimal configuration effort by human operators lower maintenance cost
Leading technology candidates CORBA Java - JINI LonWorks Universal Plug-n-Play
What kind of data will we assimilate in global observing systems? Physical, geophysical observations (T, S, seismicity) - generally sensors are mature. Chemical - nutrients (nitrate, phosphate, iron), gases (carbon dioxide, oxygen) - sensors exist but have not gone commercial. Biological - bio-optical systems are mature, but not very specific. DNA based systems are beginning to appear.
In Situ Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry
Measurement of pCO 2 from Moorings: Gernot Friederich Peter Walz Mike Burzcynski Francisco Chavez all at MBARI
El Niño / La Niña Cycle in Monterey Bay PCO2 (sea - air) atm Temperature
DNA Based Detection of Phytoplankton Species Using the Environmental Sample Processor (ESP) Chris Scholin Roman Marin Gene Massion all at MBARI NOTE: The entire phytoplankton standing stock of the ocean turns over each 4 days on average!
Sandwich hybridization bioassay of rRNA in phytoplankton
Iron (nM) Pseudo-nitzschia australis (cells/L) Does iron regulate toxic plankton blooms (e.g., Wells et al., Evaluation of iron as a triggering factor for red tide blooms. MEPS, 69, 93, 1991)?
MOOS will be operational in 2003 for biogeochemical studies.