Which have you played or heard of? Doom Risk Call of Duty

What role does leadership, tactics, and terrain play in battle?

Battle of Gettysburg July 1 – 3, 1863

Gettysburg Pre Quiz Write down everything you know about… –People –Events –Statistics –Tactics –Places –Dates/Times –Weapons

MILITARY SCIENCE 101 Levels of Warfare Terrain & Symbology Principals of War Tactics Weapons

Levels of Warfare Strategic Operational Tactical CSA: Win the South’s Independence CSA: Gain Recognition from Great Britain & France USA: Maintain the Union CSA: Threaten the Washington, D.C. USA: Get the CSA army out of the North USA: Destroy the offensive capability of the CSA army CSA: Destroy offensive capability of Union army USA: Get the CSA army out of the North USA: Destroy the offensive capability of the CSA army

Military Maps Colors Black = Man-made objects (roads, building, etc.) Brown = Elevation & Contour Lines Green = Woods, Vegetation Blue = Water

Terrain Analysis Observation Cover & Concealment Obstacles Key Terrain Avenues of Approach

Military Symbology—Unit Type xxx Friendly Force = BLUE Enemy Force = RED 1 1 st Infantry Corps Type of unit Size of unit Unit Number

Military Symbology—Unit Type xx Friendly Force = BLUE Enemy Force = RED 3 3 rd Cavalry Division Type of unit Size of unit Unit Number

Unit Size Indicators Squad Team/Section Platoon CompanyI BattalionII RegimentIII BrigadeX DivisionXX CorpsXXX ArmyXXXX Army GroupXXXXX

Mass Objective Unity of Command Simplicity Economy of Force MOUSEMOSS Principles of War Maneuver Offense Surprise Security

Terms Center of Gravity (Capitols) Culmination –Point in which offense is no longer viable. Offense, Defense, Maneuver 3:1 Reserve Force

Gettysburg Terrain

Major Players Buford Reynolds Hancock Meade Chamberlain Sickles Lee Longstreet Ewell Stuart Pickett AP Hill Heth

Fortunes of War (a.k.a. “dumb luck”) Jackson KIA Chancellorville J.E.B. Stuart’s joy ride Neither side had sense of size/loc

Offensive Maneuvers Frontal Attack Flank Attack Echelon Attack Envelopment

Tactics Napoleonic –massing of firepower –Formations Rifled Musket Rifled Cannon Trench warfare (defense) Pickets Skirmish lines

Weaponry Rifled Musket –French Mini Ball Rifled Cannon –Solid –Shell –Case –Canister Breech Loaders Cartridge Ammo Gatlin Gun

USA Order of Battle

CSA Order of Battle

Day 0 (Chance Encounter) Union Calvary looking for Lee’s Army Notice some Confederate soldiers north of Gettysburg Gettysburg key terrain Occupies northern high ground and sends word to Meade Union consolidate on high ground and wait for reinforcements

Day I (CSA favor) Buford (Cavalry w/breechloaders!) Avoid large engagement Ewell given option to continue attack  doesn’t Union consolidate on high ground and wait for reinforcements

10:00 AM

11:30 AM

Tactics Exercise I Analyze Terrain Consider Weapons Consider what is known about the enemy Your first move?

Your Course of Action vs The Real World

Day 2 (Draw) Not allowed to shift right Echelon attack not synched Ewell not ready until after sunset Fishhook High Ground Little Round Top

AM

4:00 PM

5:30 PM

6:30 PM

Little Round Top Chamberlain 6 waves 60 rnds per man Union flank exposed Unconventional Tactic Medal of Honor Award

Day 3 (US) 7 hr slugfest (am) Cannon battle (2 hrs) –140 miles Confederates concentrate on center Pickett’s Charge –12,000 –1 mile in the open –75% casualty rate

Significance Gettysburg last time Confederate Army able to go on the strategic offensive (invade)  Culmination point for the South. No hope of foreign recognition after loss. Meade allows Lee to withdraw and not pursue  fighting goes on for another 2 years. Provided Lincoln with a big psychological win

Conclusion (notecard) It surprised me to learn… How does Leadership, Tactics, and Terrain influence battles? What did you like about today’s class?

Gettysburg Wargame Site mber_internal_source=GETTYSBURG&strGotoURL=http%3 A// intro.htm (requires free registration) mber_internal_source=GETTYSBURG&strGotoURL=http%3 A// intro.htm

Selected References Library.thinkquest.ort/17525/day1.htm Symonds, Craig L. American Heritage History of the Battle of Gettysburg. HarperCollins Publishers: New York, 2001

TRIVIA TIME How much did the gear the average foot soldier carry? A) 35 B) 40 C) 45 D) 50 E) None of the answers given

TRIVIA TIME How many rounds per minute could a good foot soldier fire? A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 5 E) None of the answers given

TRIVIA TIME What were the combined casualties (killed, wounded, and missing)? A) ~20,000 B) ~30,000 C) ~40,000 D) ~50,000 E) None of the answers given