Chris Miles, Olivia Miller, and Sophie Potoczak 18 August 2011 A Probabilistic Model of Large Woody Debris Movement and Distribution in Small Mountain Streams [Chris Gabrielli, 7/11]

Entry modes LWD accumulation types Historic snagging efforts River restoration efforts and Engineered Log Jams (ELJ’s) Large Woody Debris (LWD): A History

Why is wood good? Impacts of LWD Geomorphologic: Pools Migrating bars Steps, slope Bank erosion Median grain size Ecological: Protective fish habitat and spawning grounds Organic matter storage Infrastructural: Damaging bridges, scientific monitoring stations ELJ at Quartz Creek near Blue River, OR [Sophie Potoczak, 6/11]

Research Objectives: Remap sections 1-14 of Lower Lookout to observe changes in wood distributions and channel feature migration between 1977 and today, focusing specifically on changes after the 5-year flood in January 2011 Design model to predict what conditions are required for a single piece of woody debris to be mobilized during a flood event Ultimately develop a model using the movement model to characterize the distribution of wood in a reach in time Potentially simulate future years of wood distribution using the large scale model [Sophie Potoczak, 7/11]

5 th order stream Stream gradient 1.5% 470 m stretch of stream 14 irregularly spaced transects [H.J. Andrews]

Wood Mapping: Measurements taken for pieces > 1m length and 0.1m diameter at breast height (DBH) DBH taken 1.3m from thickest end Length, width, height dimensions taken for jams with porosity adjustment Compass orientations taken for key pieces Channel Mapping: Low gravel bars <1m above lowest flow High gravel bars >1m above lowest flow Deep, slow-moving or stagnant pools Secondary or vegetated abandoned channels considered for low-flow conditions [Chris Gabrielli, 7/11]

Cross-Sectional Profiles: Level tape strung from X to Z datum Depth below line measured every 1 m on bank and gravel bars and every 0.5 m in stream bed Profiles used to calculate wetted perimeter and cross-sectional area [Sophie Potoczak, 7/11]

Mathematical Model Quantify the probability that a given piece of woody debris of volume V will move in a discharge Q V< 1 m 3 V > 1 m 3

integro-differential equation is used to model the dynamics of the LWD distribution on a river stretch of length is the density of the volume of wood per unit length at point x and time t is the probability that a log of volume V will move from y to x in the stream reach is the percent of the volume of wood that enters and exists the stream reach per unit length Mathematical Model Cont’d

Integrate equation over range of volumes to represent all of the volume classes observed to obtain: Where and is quantified by the 2010 wood data through normalizing the volumes over the total volume per cross section length Mathematical Model Cont’d

is frequency at which certain volume classes occur in LOL and the histogram is fit to a log-normal distribution Mathematical Model Cont’d

The equation is integrated over the length of the stream reach to represent the change on wood volume over the entire reach for one year is the total change in wood volume in LOL After integration: the full model for change in wood volume is the following: Mathematical Model Cont’d

Lower Lookout Creek 2011: Wood and Channel Map Outline of map courtesy of EISI 2010 (Not a precise scale) Adobe Illustrator CS5.1 used to overlay and refine wood and channel feature maps. Low-flow channel Secondary channel Lower bar Higher bar

Channel and Wood Distribution Changes from 2010 to 2011 (following January 2011 flood) Large dam near XS 11 washed out Channel-spanning log at XS 4 and XS 1 snapped New large accumulations at XS 8 and XS 4 Migrating gravel bars between XS 7-8 and XS 3-4

Sequential maps of LOL over the last 34 years show changes in wood budgets for each section of stream and how channel features are determined by and change in response to presence of LWD Map sources: George Lienkaemper (1977 and 1984); Futoshi Nakamura (1990); John Faustini (1996); Jung-il Seo, Kristin Kirkby (2010). Figure: Jung-il Seo

Results: Flood Frequency Analysis Flood Frequency analysis performed via Log-Pearson Type III Analysis from 54 years of annual peak flow data for Lower Lookout Creek

Results: Model Solutions for the relation between the mean travel distance and the input rate using the known change in volume for 2011

Values for the total change in volume (normalized) in one year as a function of the mean travel distance and the input rate

Discussion Movement Model:  Volumes of wood: rootwad? porosity?  Density of wood  Wood probably isn’t always parallel  Critical discharges abnormally low: 89% of wood able to mobilize in 2011 flood, 100% in 1996  Lack of recent cross section data  Manning’s n estimate potentially off Distribution Density model:  Not enough data to split into good volume classes  Many things not a function of Q (due to only having 2011 data)

Conclusion  Distribution density model can be used to simulate future years  Can be used as a better representation of wood movement for simulations (Streamwood) that influence policy\management

EISI Reflection Eco-Informatics ▫Computer Science ▫Mathematics ▫Geology ▫Ecology Future Groups ▫Current model is very simplified and can be improved with more accurate data collection

Acknowledgements : Dr. Julia Jones Dr. Jorge Ramirez Dr. Desiree Tullos Travis Roth Dr. Fred Swanson Dr. Mark Schulze Theresa Valentine Matt Cox Chris Gabrielli Dr. John Faustini Greg Downing Dr. Stan Gregory Don Henshaw National Science Foundation Eco-Informatics Summer Institute H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest Oregon State University

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