INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

BRITAIN LEADS THE WAY Why Britain New Methods in Production Factory System New sources of power Improved transportation and communications

WHY BRITAIN? Large Iron and Coal Resources Commercial Nation –Merchants had capital to invest Cheap Labor Colonies to Supply Raw Materials Market for finished goods Government encourage improvements in transportation Navy to protect trade

NEW METHODS IN PRODUCTION Machines replaced hand tools Faster production of thread and weaving cloth Steam and electricity replace human and animal power

FACTORY SYSTEM

NEW SOURCES OF POWER Steam replaces water –James Watt/Steam Powered Engine Coal Iron Steel Bessemer Leads to growth of other industries

IMPROVED TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS Nation now connected –Roads, Bridges, Canals Steam Powered Railroads and Ships Telegraph

RAILROADS Entice people to move west and build towns –If you provide water towers, hotels for workers, supply wood, and give us a tax break…We will run railroad through your town More people more money

TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILROAD Union Pacific Railroad and Central Pacific Railroad compete against each other in a race to lay the most railroad track across the nation –The more track laid…the more land received

WORKERS

WORKING CONDITIONS Blizzards Floods Avalanches Attack from Indians Pressure from bosses

FROM SEA TO SHINING SEA May 10, 1869 Golden Stake is driven in connecting Union Pacific and Central Pacific Promontory Summit, Utah

1850’s-OTHER COUNTRIES INDUSTRIALIZE Belgium, France, Germany, United States, and Japan 1890’s US overtakes Great Britain as leading industrial power 1900 Germany rivals US and Great Britain

SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY Electricity developments further the industrial revolution –Generators –Telephones –Radios –Phonograph –Light bulb

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Used to power automobiles Set stage for revolution in the transportation industry Growth of Auto- Industry leads to booms in… –Steel Production –Rubber Production –Petroleum Production

NEW METHODS OF PRODUCTION Assembly Line –Henry Ford –Complex assignments broken down into smaller tasks Each task is performed by an individual worker\ –More efficient and reduces cost

SOCIAL CHANGES

WOMEN Now working outside home –Factories –Domestic Servants –Get paid less than men

URBANIZATION New jobs Greater variety of cheaper goods Advances in diagnosing and treating diseases Chances for advancement Dark, smoky factories Poorly built houses Working families living together in 1-2 rooms No water or sewage system Crime rate high…police force small Open sewers, polluted rivers, factory smoke, filthy streets-disease spread 26 out of every 100 children die before age of 5

WORKING IN THE CITIES Entire family works Men, Women, Children Come from local poorhouses –Orphaned children/homeless adults hours a day-6 days a week Injured on job-No Compensation Sick- No Sick leave can be fired Wages low No job security No laws restricting child labor –Start at age 6 –Supervisors beat children to keep awake and alert

CHANGING VALUES Sense of belonging to disappearing as people move to cities Weakened family –Long hours and irregular schedules –Supervision of children hard Runaways and abandon youngsters wandering streets –Men and women turn to alcohol Older Citizens –Lost authority and respect once had

BENEFITS OF URBANIZATION Factory made goods plentiful and priced within reach of most Chances for advancement Workers acquired special skills Education available