Urban Transport Benchmarking Year Three Urban Transport Trends in Participant Cities Neil Taylor Transport & Travel Research Ltd Directorate-General for Energy and Transport EUROPEAN COMMISSION

Urban Transport Benchmarking Year Three Introduction Background Data collected Key findings EU enlargement context Examples from Southern Europe New Member State trends Key Challenges Ideas for NMS cities

Urban Transport Benchmarking Year Three Background First defined in 2003, now in 3 rd evolution Common indicators quantitative data. Data gathered in yr3 similar to yr 2 Effective baseline dataset now created Aim of yr 3 analysis = delve deeper

Urban Transport Benchmarking Year Three Data Collected – Common Indicators 1.1 Area of region 1.2 Area of city 1.3 Population of region 1.4 Population of city 1.5 Geography 2.1: Fixed routes 2.2: Flexible routes 2.3: Public transport priority 2.4: Cycling space in the city 3.1 Car ownership 3.2 Public transport fleet 3.3 PT Accessibility 3.4 Clean Vehicles 4.1 Average speed (private transport) 4.2 Average speed (public transport) 4.3 Service intervals 4.4 Modal split 4.5 Total passengers carried 4.6 Farebox revenue 5.1 Cost of car use 5.2 Cost of public transport 5.3 Investment in public transport 5.4 Investment in roads 5.5 Gross Domestic Product 5.6 Employment 6.1 Traffic accidents

Urban Transport Benchmarking Year Three Key Findings 1.Higher GDP per capita Higher Car modal share and lower PT modal share 2.Urban metro systems most extensive in bigger cities. Approx. threshold = 40-45km of metro per 1million population. 3.Metros encourage significantly greater PT use in cities.

Urban Transport Benchmarking Year Three Wealthier cities drive more…

Urban Transport Benchmarking Year Three … and use public transport less

Urban Transport Benchmarking Year Three Metro systems & Critical Mass (1)

Urban Transport Benchmarking Year Three Metro systems & Critical Mass (2)

Urban Transport Benchmarking Year Three Metro systems - Driving PT use

Urban Transport Benchmarking Year Three Common Indicators – Reporting Detailed findings and trends in final report Due to be published end summer 2006 Also identified trends in New Member State (NMS) & Accession Country cities

Urban Transport Benchmarking Year Three NMS/Accession Country Cities –Suceava –Bucharest –Budapest –Gdansk –Warsaw –Prague Since we are in Budapest today… … It seems appropriate to look at some of the NMS/Accession city trends! –Sofia 7 cities from NMS/Accession Countries involved

Urban Transport Benchmarking Year Three EU Enlargement - context EU Enlargement in 2004 Slovenia to enter Eurozone Jan 1 st 2007 Rapid economic growth expected… –Inward investment triggering growth Pressure for transport links –Expected increase in disposable incomes? Increase in car ownership?

Urban Transport Benchmarking Year Three Comparison with Southern Europe Athens, Lisbon, Alicante, Palma, Barcelona & Madrid In states which joined EU in 1981 and 1986 Rapid economic growth followed accession Large increases in car ownership & use (Lisbon) Unplanned urban development (e.g. Athens) –Current policies seek to resolve problems of rapid growth. –Could NMS cities learn from these experiences?

Urban Transport Benchmarking Year Three NMS/EU15 city comparisons - 1 NMS cities generally demonstrate high levels of public transport modal share (> 50%) The real cost of PT can be greater in NMS cities than in EU15 cities Car ownership levels are generally lower in NMS cities. BUT: Vast differences also exist between NMS cities –Pragues economy relatively strong (> EU15 avg. GDP per Capita)

Urban Transport Benchmarking Year Three Intensity of PT use

Urban Transport Benchmarking Year Three Public transport fares in real terms

Urban Transport Benchmarking Year Three NMS/EU15 city comparisons - 2 Clean Vehicles less apparent in NMS cities bus fleets trickle down of technology? Public transport often inaccessible for people with reduced mobility (0.3% to 30% of bus fleets) Trolley buses and first generation tram systems are most predominant in NMS cities Significantly less road-space in NMS cities – Prague the exception

Urban Transport Benchmarking Year Three Accessibility of bus fleets

Urban Transport Benchmarking Year Three Km of Road Space per 1000 inhabitants

Urban Transport Benchmarking Year Three Key Challenges Funding Issues –Who will fund transport provision in NMS cities? –Affordability of clean/accessible vehicle fleets –Involvement in these benchmarking projects Investment Pressure –Will FDI drive the NMS cities urban transport agenda? –Increased road/motorway capacity a priority for investors? –Links to EU15 rather than other NMS cities? –Possible need for socially inclusive approach to managing growth

Urban Transport Benchmarking Year Three Ideas for NMS Cities Pre-emptive land-use & transport planning Spread investment beyond growth poles Maintain a quality public transport alternative Apply EU15 good practice examples in NMS cities Careful use of restrictive measures: – Balance the need to attract FDI with development control

Urban Transport Benchmarking Year Three Thank you for listening… Project Contacts: Web: Tel: +44 (0) Kieran Holmes, Sarah Clifford, Neil Taylor, Ben Smith