Vickie P. Murphy Walden University EDUC Diffusion and Integration of Technology in Education

Storyboard for lesson in Distance Teaching and Learning Need ResearchDevelopmentCommercialization Implement strategic goals of education in distance teaching/learning to all members of society by creating an effective teaching and learning process The intended audience are Instructors and Students. Research Organization: CiC Computer-Integrated Classroom Questionnaire Survey Systemic scientific literature analysis Assist teachers to employ IT to design learning activities for effective teaching and learning

Knowledge Stage: SDSU offers many online programs including ED TEC 561. Persuasion Stage: Schools began using Radio & TV for to Deliver Distance Decision Stage: 2/3 of the United States have Distance Education Programs Knowledge Stage: Correspondences courses in mail Confirmation Stage: Web Audio-Video Teleconferencing

Synchronous Communication ability to hold live discussions immediate feedback of peers and instructor collect input and make decisions immediately motivate the need to be prepared by a certain date and time reassure telepresence and live support of students and teachers ability to hold interactive presentation activities, live simulations, and role playing Options Conferencing Phone Multi-User Virtual Environment

Asynchronous Communication opportunities for exchanging ideas in informal social forums flexibility in work schedules and study times ability to go back later and review class discussions peer commenting on assignments time to reflect on group discussions Tools Announcements Pages – Effective approach when students regularly enter the system. Blogs / Podcast – students can make comments. or Listserv Messages – goes directly to the student’s mail box. - establish an ongoing virtual presence - maintain spontaneity - keep students on track - help students feel part of a community - periodic and special updates Forums – used by instructors for news or general forum for class announcements, information, general discussion, posting area, introduction and informal collaboration.

% of Innovation Time

1970s: the development of microwave technology, the cost went down and universities started setting up microwave networks to take advantage of the Instructional Television Fixed Service and the prediction was made that by the year 2000 there will be more than 80 percent of off-campus and 10 to 20 percent of on-campus instruction taking place through telecommunications. 1980s: Apple is established to promote and support the research and development in educational use of computers and technology offering using computers, support and software to students. 1990s: The Faculty of Education in 1999 makes available on the internet EDPY 202: Instructional Application of Technology. 2000: Technology Professional Development Unit is established in the Faculty of Education. Radio, television and the internet has been used to further distance education. 2005: Students were taking at least one online class. 2006: 96% of the largest colleges and universities offered online courses and almost 3.2 million US students are taking online classes. 2010: Online universities will have two hundred thousand students and will serve five hundred thousand by this time (Jeffries).

The innovators and early adopters will be faculty. The strategies that will be most persuasive in convincing them to adopt innovation will be:  Communicate the success of distance teaching/learning  Institution training program to help become successful  Workshops on developing classes and incentives for participation  Support services and technical support for faculty members and learners  Faculty members to view/interview peers who are successfully teaching distance education

The laggards in rejecting the innovation will be faculty members and the strategies to best move them toward the adoption will be:  Comprehensive system-wide implemental policy with provisions for reflection, design, cumulative expansion, evaluation and implementation  Training in technology by conducting online faculty development programs  Easy access to and computer encouraging daily use by faculty  Ensure access to network and technology support for maintenance is reliable  Motivate the use of distance teaching/learning  Improve hardware and software with workshops (Panda & Mishra, 2007).

The combination of perceived attributes that is best to help Distance Teaching/Learning are relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability and observability. 1. Relative advantage – strong and easily, convenience, small classes, attractive format. 2. Compatibility – compatible with their ways of teaching, convenient access to instruction, improve quantity and quality of class and online discussions. 3. Complexity – should not be hard to understand or use. 4. Trialability – experiment with distance teaching/learning before it is adopted. Open house in interactive classrooms so faculty members can experiment with the equipment 5. Observability – market and communicate new technologies to the prospective faculty members. The instructors must beware of the new technologies and their benefits before they become interested in them.

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