1 ELEC ENG 4BD4 Lecture 1 Biomedical Instrumentation Instructor: Dr. Hubert de Bruin de Bruin EE 4BD4 2014

2 Cochlear Implant de Bruin EE 4BD4 2014

3 Advances in Vision (Retinal Stimulation) de Bruin EE 4BD4 2014

4 Mini Gastric Imaging de Bruin EE 4BD4 2014

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6 Calendar Description: Principles of instrumentation; Noise and interference in electrical measurements; Generation and nature of bioelectric potentials; electrodes and other transducers; electrical safety; neuromuscular and cardiovascular instrumentation; ultrasonics for bio-measurements other than imaging; computer interfaces for data acquisition systems. Course Objectives: Students will be able to apply the principles of electronic circuits and devices to the use and design of instrumentation in the biomedical area. They will have gained a basic knowledge of the operating principles of electrical and other transducers, analog and digital instrumentation, applied signal acquisition and processing, electrical safety in the medical environment, electrical properties of nerve and muscle physiology; and instrumentation used in cardiopulmonary, neurological, surgical, and rehabilitation areas of medicine. de Bruin EE 4BD4 2014

Course Information de Bruin EE 4BD Instructor: Dr. Hubert de Bruin, ITB A211, XT Teaching Assistants: Dennis Yazhemsky, Adhithya Ravichandran Schedule: Lectures: 3hours/week Tutorials: 1 hour per week Labs: 3hours (6) Website: go to

Topics Covered de Bruin EE 4BD General Overview of Instrumentation Lecture 1Introduction to Measurement Systems Lecture 2Coherent and Other Noises in Measurements Lecture 3General Properties of Sensors Lecture 4 Analog Instrumentation Electrophysiology and Instrumentation Used Lecture 5Origins of Electrophysiological Signals Lecture 6Biopotential Electrodes Including Equivalent Circuit Models I Lecture 6ABiopotential Electrodes Including Equivalent Circuit Models II Lecture 7Recording Biopotential Fields on the Body Common Electrophysiological Signals Recorded in Biomedicine and Associated Instrumentation Lecture 8 Origin of ECG, Standard Recording Systems Lecture 8AECG Noise Coupling, Heart Rate Detection Lecture 9 Muscle Organization and Function

Topics (cont’d) de Bruin EE 4BD Lecture 10Electromyography (Recording and Analyzing Muscle Signals) Lecture 11Brain Electrical Signal (EEG) Lecture 11AOther Instrumentation Applications in EEG Lecture 12The Electro-Ocularogram (EOG) Sensors and Instrumentation to Measure Other Variables Lecture 13Temperature Sensors and Instrumentation Lecture 14Position and Movement Sensors Lecture 15Force and Pressure Measurement using Strain Gauges Lecture 16Piezoelectrics and Application Lecture 17Chemical Sensors

Topics (cont’d) de Bruin EE 4BD Measurement of Cardiopulmonary Function Lecture 18Invasive and Non-Invasive Blood Pressure Lecture 19 Measuring Blood Oxygen (Pulse Oximeter) Lecture 20Measuring CO 2 (Capnometry) Lecture 21Measuring Blood or Airflow (Plethysmography) Application of Therapeutic Electrical Energy Lecture 22General Principles of Electro-Stimulation Lecture 23Cardiac Pacing and Pacemakers Lecture 24Cardiac Defibrillators Lecture 25Muscle Stimulation Lecture 26Electrosurgery Professional Standards and Safety Codes Lecture 27Electrical Safety I Lecture 28Electrical Safety II

11 Laboratory Sessions: Lab 1 : Differential amplifiers; DAQ / DSP / Statistical Analysis Key Concepts: Discrete Signals, Acquisition, Amplifiers, Frequency Domain Lab 2 : ECG / Heart Rate Key Concepts: Biopotentials, Electrocardiogram, Einthoven's Triangle, Noise Artifact, Bio- instrumentation amplifier for ECG Lab 3 : EEG Key Concepts: Alpha & Beta Waves (Alpha Blockers) – in phase or out of phase. Spectral and time analysis, Irregularities, Bio-instrumentation amplifier for EEG Lab 4 : EMG & Motor Control Key Concepts: Muscle twitches, rectification, averaging, RMS, Force vs EMG, Filtering effects on applications of EMG, Bio-instrumentation amplifier for EMG Lab 5 : EOG & Environmental Control Key Concepts: DC Signals, DC Amplifiers, Frequency component of blinking, Scaling of signals and creation of algorithms to make raw data into useful information, Bio-instrumentation amplifier for EOG de Bruin EE 4BD4 2014

12 Textbooks (Optional): 1. Medical Instrumentation: Application and Design. John G. Webster 2. Custom Courseware, Lecture Slides posted on the class website Additional resources: 1.Introduction to Instrumentation and Measurements; Second Edition; Robert B Northrop; Taylor and Francis; ISBN Noninvasive Instrumentation and Measurement in Medical Diagnosis; Robert N. Northrop; CRC press; ISBN Design and Development of Medical Electronic Instrumentation, D. Prutchi and M. Norri, Wiley- Interscience, 2005 de Bruin EE 4BD4 2014

Course Assessment 13 Assessment: Labs 20% Midterm 30% Final Exam 50% de Bruin EE 4BD4 2014

14 Process of Measurement Understand the event (variable) you are measuring Is variable directly related to event? Is variable indirectly related to event? Is variable statistically related to event? Is event itself random? de Bruin EE 4BD4 2014

15 Process of Measurement (cont’d) Is measurement biased (will final result have an offset, e.g. does it always read high)? What are unavoidable sources of noise? How much does this contaminate your measurement? Maximize your signal-to-noise ration SNR de Bruin EE 4BD4 2014

16 Measurement Specifications What is amplitude range of selected variable What is bandwidth of variable (does variable change rapidly or slowly)? What is required resolution (smallest change you need to measure)? What is required accuracy? de Bruin EE 4BD4 2014

EE 4BD4 Lab Instrumentation Modular McMaster Analog Instrumentation System National Instruments DAQ system with Laboratory Interface Desktop PC running National Instruments Virtual Instrumentation language “Labview” 17de Bruin EE 4BD4 2014

MacECE BiomedLab 18de Bruin EE 4BD4 2014

Course Objectives Be able to analyse a biomedical measurement problem and plan a solution Be able to design analog “front ends” for a variety of physiologically related signals Gain familiarity with a number of different instrumentation sensors Design a simple computer data acquisition program 19de Bruin EE 4BD4 2014

Course Objectives (cont’d) Gain experience with collecting and analysing different electrophysiological signals (ECG, EMG, EEG, Accelerometer, etc.) Be exposed to concepts of electrical safety and professional medical instrument codes 20de Bruin EE 4BD4 2014