Chapter 1 Earth, Moon, and Sun Section 1 Earth in Space

Section 1 – Earth in Space Objectives After this lesson, you should be able to: Identify the effects of Earth’s rotation and revolution Explain what causes the seasons

Vocab 1. astronomy The study of the moon, stars, and other objects in space.

2. axis An imaginary line that passes through Earth’s center and the North and South poles, about which Earth rotates.

3. rotation The spinning motion of a planet about its axis.

4. revolution The movement of an object around another object.

5. orbit The path of an object as it revolves around another object in space.

6. solstice The two days of the year on which the noon sun is directly overhead at either 23.5° South or 23.5° North.

7. equinox The two days of the year on which neither hemisphere is tilted toward or away from the sun.

8. vernal equinox The day of the year that marks the beginning of spring in the Northern Hemisphere.

9. autumnal equinox The day of the year that marks the beginning of fall in the Northern Hemisphere.

Notes 1. Earth’s _________________ on its ______________________ causes night and day rotation axis

2. A point on the equator rotates at about _________ kilometers/hour 1,600

3. Earth’s axis is tilted at an angle of ____________. 23.5

4. We have seasons because: Its axis is tilted as it moves around the sun.

________________. (shortest period of day light) 5. The longest day of the year in the Northern hemisphere occurs on _____________(longest period of day light), while the shortest day occurs on ________________. (shortest period of day light) June 21 December 21

Chapter 1 Earth, Moon, and Sun Section 2 Earth in Space

Section 2 – Phases, Eclipses, and Tides Objectives After this lesson, you should be able to: Explain what causes the phases of the moon Compare the causes of solar and lunar eclipses Explain what causes the tides

Vocab 1. phase One of the different shapes of the moon as seen from Earth.

2. eclipse The partial or total blocking of one object by another.

ADD to top of page. solar eclipse The blocking of sunlight to Earth that occurs when the moon is between the sun and Earth.

3. umbra The darkest part of a shadow.

4. penumbra The part of a shadow surrounding the darkest part.

5. lunar eclipse The blocking of sunlight to the moon that occurs when Earth is directly between the sun and moon.

6. tide The rise and fall of the level of water in the ocean.

7. gravity The attractive force between two objects; its magnitude depends on their masses and the distance between them.

8. spring tide A tide with the greatest difference between low and high tides.

9. neap tide A tide with the least difference between low and high tides.

Notes 1. The positions of the _______, __________, and the _________ cause the __________________, ______________, and _________. moon Earth sun phases of the moon eclipses tides

2. The ___________ of the moon you see depends on how much of the _________________ of the moon faces Earth. phase Sunlit side

3. When the _________________ shadow hits Earth or the Earth’s _____________ hits the _______________, an ______________ occurs. Moon’s shadow moon eclipse

4. Lunar eclipses only occur during a _________ _________. moon full

Tides 5. __________ occur mainly because of the differences in how much the __________ pulls on different parts of the Earth. moon

6. An ________________ is a strip of land that is under water at high tide and dry land at low tide. Intertidal zone

Chapter 1 Earth, Moon, and Sun Section 3 Rockets and Satellites

Section 3 – Rockets and Satellites Objectives After this lesson, you should be able to: Explain how rockets travel in space Describe what satellites and space stations are used for

1. satellite Any object that revolves around another object in space.

2. geosynchronous orbit The orbit of a satellite that revolves around Earth at the same rate that Earth rotates.

1. _____________ was the first artificial satellite launched in to orbit. Sputnik 1

Yuri Gagarin 2. ____________________became the first human launched into space on _______________________. April 12, 1961

3. Four uses for satellites and space stations: A. B. C. D communication navigation collect weather data research

4. The first Space Shuttle was launched in ________________. 1981

Chapter 1 Earth, Moon, and Sun Section 4 Earth’s Moon

Section 4 – Earth’s Moon Objectives After this lesson, you should be able to: Describe features of the moon’s surface Explain what scientists learned about the moon from space exploration Describe the origin and structure of the moon.

1. telescope A device built to study distant objects by making them appear closer.

2. crater A round pit on the moon’s surface.

3. maria Dark, flat regions on the moon’s surface.

Notes 1. The moon’s gravity is only about ___________ as strong’s as Earth’s. One-sixth

2. The moon is ________ kilometers in diameter –a little less than the distance across the __________________. 3,476 United States

3. Three features of the moon include _________________, _______________, and _____________________. craters highlands maria (each one is a “mare”)

4. _______________ was the first man to walk the moon. Neil Armstrong