CONSCIOUSNESS Chapter 6

I. Defining Consciousness Consciousness is a construct  Can’t be seen or touched

II. Consciousness Map to the self in relation to the world Levels of consciousness:  Consciousness: information you’re currently aware of (environment/yourself)  Nonconscious: body process not aware of (heart)  Preconscious: info you’re not currently thinking about (but you could be, ex. Favorite toy as child)  Subconscious: information not consciously aware of, but know exists because of behavior  Unconscious: pscyhoanalytic psychologists, repressed feelings

III. Chronobiology and Unseen Forces Night/day Monthly (females) Annual

III. Chronobiology and Unseen Forces Biological Clocks  Free running cycles  no outside influences, 25 hours  (ex: temp, kidneys)  Entrainment : Altering free-running cycle  (ex: sleep/wake cycle) Circadian Rhythms  Entrained 24 hour (even though free running is 25)  High/low points (temp/blood pressure: 3-4 am & 2pm)

III. Chronobiology and Unseen Forces Fighting the Clock  Work schedules  When we sleep is important, not just # of hours Giving Up Sleep  Importance of sleep  REM rebound: experiencing more and longer periods of REM the next time they are able to sleep normally  More stress = longer periods of REM

IV. The Nature of Sleep & Dreams Make new cells, NTs restored, body hair grows fastest Twilight state – relaxed state just before we fall asleep

Sleep Cycle Circadian Rhythms  Entrained 24 hour (even though free running is 25)  High/low points (temp/blood pressure: 3-4 am & 2pm) Entering stage 1  Falling asleep = sleep onset (alpha waves) Stage 1 & 2 (theta waves)  Stage 2 – short bursts of rapid brain waves Stage 3 & 4 (delta waves)  Deepest sleep, replenish body’s chemical supplies, hormones, immune system  Exercise more = more delta sleep

Sleep cycle REM Sleep (Rapid Eye Movement)  Brain waves as active as if we were awake  Lack of REM interferes with mmeory  Spend more time in REM sleep when learning a new skill Brain Changes during sleep  Brain waves: beta, alpha, delta  Body is paralyzed

IV. The Nature of Sleep & Dreams NREM sleep v. REM  P. 165 REMNREM Rapid eye movement Increases in length as night’s sleep progresses Vivid Dreams Nightmares Paralyzed body Essential Part of sleep Non-rapid eye movement Decreases in length as night’s sleep progresses Vague, partial images and stories Incubus attacks (night terrors) Sleepwalking and talking Less essential part of sleep

V. The Purpose of Dreaming Information-Processing Theory 1. Reorganize information from day 2. Work out problems, integrate information into our memories Activation Synthesis Theory 3. Random Stimulation Psychoanalysis  Freud: dreams as a method to uncover repressed info in the unconscious  Manifest: literal content  Latent content: unconscious meaning of the manifest

VI. Psychology of Dreams Dream content  Common themes  Color/black and white – 50:50 Nightmares (REM)  REM rebound Incubus attacks  Night terror  Common in childhood

VII. Practical Issues in Sleep Require less sleep as we get older Social Entrainment  When important, not just # of hours Length of Sleep  Most need 8 hours, but varies Walking and Talking  Occurs in stage 4 (NREM)

VII. Practical Issues in Sleep Sleep disturbance 1. Insomnia  Problem getting/staying asleep  10% of population  sleeping pills (and others) prevent REM 2. Narcolepsy  Periods of intense sleepiness, suddenly fall into REM sleep .001% of population 3. Sleep Apnea  Person stops breathing for short periods of time  Lack of deep sleep, interference with attention and memory

VIII. States of Consciousness Hypnosis  Power of suggestion  Focus attention/block other things  Special state – not sleep, trance, won’t do immoral acts  Uses: weight, smoking, drinking, pain

VIII. States of Consciousness Meditation  Relaxation  Suggestion comes from within v. hypnosis suggestion from hypnotist

IX. Psych in your life Wandering in the World of Consciousness  Try to use your dreams to be creative, solve problems, learn something  Try to dream, or to not dream about something  Examine day dreams  “Set” internal clock

Works Cited content/uploads/2008/10/sleep-deprived- student.jpg&imgrefurl= remembering-what-you- learned/&usg=__exJq3gZOPOaexgErsWSy0KjRvyU=&h=300&w=450&sz=20&hl=en&start=1 &um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=hKHxsqBYS_yftM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=127&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcirca dian%2Brhythms,%2Bsleep%2Bexperiments%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26 sa%3DN%26rlz%3D1B3GGGL_enUS352US352%26tbs%3Disch:1 /dreams.jpg&imgrefurl= mb49YaDCbZhZPCzye8=&h=319&w=480&sz=42&hl=en&start=5&itbs=1&tbnid=RlQu2RwFR cUwTM:&tbnh=86&tbnw=129&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDreams%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dacti ve%26gbv%3D2%26tbs%3Disch:1