The Animals Pages

1.Animals are motile, have incredible sensory ability and complex behaviours. 2.All animals are multicellular, heterotrophic, with eukaryotic cells that do not contain cell walls or chloroplasts. Animals use oxygen for cellular respiration. Embryo development includes germ layers that differentiate into different organ systems.

3. Animals range in complexity from the simplest, in the phylum Porifera, to the most complex, in the phylum Chordata. 4. Among animals, only members of the phylum Porifera are stationary, or sessile, as adults and lack nerve cells

Arthropod Echinoderm Jointed appendages Radial symmetry, 5 or more arms, use hydroulics to move AgnathansNo paired appendages ChondrichthyesPaired appendages, fins are thick ActinopterygiiFins are membranel-like Amphibia Reptilia Mammalia tetrapods AvesTetrapods with forearms modified as wings

6. The middle layer…mesoderm Body cavity that contains the internal organs…coelum Cell in the developing embryo that give rise to specialized tissues…germ layer The inner layer…endoderm The outer layr…ectoderm

7. Germ LayerSpecialized tissues EctodermSkin and nervous tissue EndodermInner lining of gut, sometimes respiratory system MesodermCirculatory, reproductive, excretory, muscular systems

8. The Porifera include about 8000 species of sponges. The Porifera have no symmetry. The Cnidaria include about 9000 species of hydras, anemones, jellyfish and coral animals. Cnidaria have radial symmetry. 9. During protosome development, the mouth develops before the anus. 10. Protosomes have bilateral symmetry.

PhylumExamplesKey features Arthropo da Insects, spiders, lobsters Segmented bodies, jointed appendages, sensory networks, hard outer shell, insects can fly Nematod a Pinworms, dog heart worm Unsegmented cylindrical bodies, parasites, complete digestive tracts AnnelidaEarthworm s Segmented bodies, complete digestive systems, gas exchanged through skin, gills, bristles on outer surface for movement, many are marine

PhylumExamplesKey features MolluscaSnails, clams octopus and squid 3 main unsegmented body parts, a food, a vieceral mass and a mantle that secretes a shell. File-like radula for scraping and boring, complete digestive systems, circulatory systems and gills RotiferaRotifersSmall aquatic animals, use cilia to direct food into their mouths, no respiratory or circulatory system Platyhel- minthes Tapewor ms, liverflukes Flattened, unsegmented worms, Digestive cavity with single opening, no coeloms, parasitic, no circulatory or respiratory system

CompetitionInsects, such as grasshoppers, and humans eat crops PathogensTapeworms are parasites found in humans VectorsTicks and fleas spread Lyme disease FoodWe eat clams, scallops, shrimp and lobster Economic Benefits Pollination of our crops by bees, Silk from silk moths, Concrete from coral

13. Echinoderms are bilateral symmetrical as larvae but radially symmetrical as adults. They typically have tube feet controlled by a water-filled hydraulic system.

14. Chordates have:  A digestive tract with a mouth and anus  A dorsal hollow nerve cord and a notochord (vertebrae)  Segmented body wall muscles

15. A chordate is a vertebrate if it has a dorsal nerve cord with a spinal column and cranium (skull) with separate segments called vertebrae.

16. Body FeatureHow it assisted on land Bony skeletonSupport bodies on land Paired limbsFor mobility Waterproof skin Prevents drying out by sun and air Amniotic eggSpecialized membranes and outer shell protect the egg from water loss

17. Polar bears are threatened by climate change Frogs and salamanders are threatened by pollution Swift foxes are threatened by habitat loss