The Cold War (-1991)

Essential Question: What caused the Cold War? Who was to blame?

Yalta ChurchillChurchill RooseveltRoosevelt StalinStalin Decide fate of Germany & occupied Eastern EuropeDecide fate of Germany & occupied Eastern Europe

FDR diesFDR dies Harry Truman Becomes PresidentHarry Truman Becomes President

Potsdam Truman, Stalin, ChurchillTruman, Stalin, Churchill Treaty draftsTreaty drafts War CrimesWar Crimes Germany divided into zones of occupation—U.S., Britain, France, USSRGermany divided into zones of occupation—U.S., Britain, France, USSR Truman/Stalin distrustTruman/Stalin distrust

Hiroshima & Nagasaki How did the Atom bomb change everything?

The Iron Curtain Winston Churchill ‘s speechWinston Churchill ‘s speech Fulton, MissouriFulton, Missouri Recognition of reality of Soviet takeover of Eastern EuropeRecognition of reality of Soviet takeover of Eastern Europe Warning of dangers of Spread of CommunismWarning of dangers of Spread of Communism

Truman Doctrine Response to Greek Civil War & Communist Activity in TurkeyResponse to Greek Civil War & Communist Activity in Turkey Promised U.S. support for Anti- Communist forcesPromised U.S. support for Anti- Communist forces Greek Communist withdrew to YugoslaviaGreek Communist withdrew to Yugoslavia

Containment George KennanGeorge Kennan Soviet Union would threaten its neighbors as long as there was a power vacuumSoviet Union would threaten its neighbors as long as there was a power vacuum Use counterforce to stop spread of CommunismUse counterforce to stop spread of Communism

Start of Red Scare HUAC: House Un-American Activities Committee began to investigate –Federal government –Hollywood 10 –Universities Creation of CIA

The Marshall Plan 12 billion in aid to build & stabilize Europe

Prague Coup

Berlin Airlift Soviet Union tries to force allies out of West Berlin by closing Roads & RRSoviet Union tries to force allies out of West Berlin by closing Roads & RR U.S. response to airlift all suppliesU.S. response to airlift all supplies

NATO & The Marshall Plan

Communist Revolution in China Mao Tse DungMao Tse Dung

The Threat of Nuclear War-- Russia develops the atom bomb

David Greenglass, Ethel’s brother The Rosenbergs

The Red Scare: McCarthyismMcCarthyism HUACHUAC Hollywood 10Hollywood 10

Korean War Limited WarfareLimited Warfare

Truman fired MacArthur— wanted to invade China

H-Bomb times more powerful then Hiroshima!

Second H-Bomb 1000 times more powerful than Hiroshima

Eisenhower’s Cold War >Hydrogen Bomb >Death of Stalin >brinkmanship >John Foster Dulles

Massive Retaliation/Brinkmanship John Foster Dulles “The ability to get to the verge without getting into war is a necessary art.” Build up of Civil Defense Activities

How to survive a nuclear attack in war & at home?

Khrushchev Attacked Stalin False Hope of freedom Poznan Revolt & Massacre

Hungarian Revolt Eastern Europe Rebels against CommunismEastern Europe Rebels against Communism Soviet Invasions put down revoltsSoviet Invasions put down revolts NATO stayed outNATO stayed out

Space Race: Sputnik

SputnikSputnik LaikaLaika Yuri GagarinYuri Gagarin Space Race

U2 Spy Incident American Pilot Gary Powers tried as Spy by RussiansAmerican Pilot Gary Powers tried as Spy by Russians

Effects of the Cold War Hostility between U.S. & Russia Hot Wars: Korea & Vietnam Fight to Spread Communism v. Democracy Possibility of Extinction of Mankind Military-Industrial Complex Red Scare Nuclear Fear & Paranoia