Kingdom Protista

Protists Can be divided into plant-like, animal-like, and fungus-like groups Important members of the phytoplankton and zooplankton We will concentrate on plant-like and animal-like

Plant-like Protists Algae Diatoms Dinoflagellates Aquatic (freshwater or marine) Found anywhere you find tiny drops of water Photosynthetic Cell walls containing cellulose Can be green, red or brown Color reflects concentration of pigments in chloroplasts Diatoms Dinoflagellates

Green Algae Phylum Chlorophyta Majority live in freshwater Reproduce asexually and sexually Most unicellular Ex: Sea Lettuce (Ulva) Marine algae Resembles a large leaf of lettuce Reproduces sexually

Red Algae Phylum Rhodophyta Primarily marine, found in warm oceans Red pigment masks green color of chlorophyll Can grow on rocks and other algae & plants Some can be parasitic Important uses: Agar-used for culture media for growing bacteria Irish moss-used to make a type of pudding Porphyra-used to make sushi, soups, seasonings

Brown Algae Phylum Phaeophyta Marine, found in cooler water & along shores Yellow pigment masks green chlorophyll Can be microscopic to 100 meters in size Reproduce sexually Ex: rockweed, kelp Important uses: Algin-used in cosmetics & food industry Iodine- concentrated in kelp tissues, harvested for table salt

Diatoms Phylum Bacillariophyta Unicellular Microscopic Freshwater & marine Mainly reproduce asexually, reproduce sexually when reach a certain size Provide much of the world’s oxygen Yellow pigments that mask chlorophyll

Cell walls formed by double shell, 2 halves (frustules) fit together like box Shell made of silica (glass-like material) Can’t be decomposed and recycled by bacteria Shells accumulate on bottom of sea, may form sedimentary rocks & deposits called diatomaceous earth Deposits mined & used for swimming pool filters, silver polish, toothpaste

Dinoflagellates Phylum Pyrrophyta Unicellular Armored in stiff cellulose walls 2 flagella used in locomotion Contain chlorophyll Reproduce asexually Some produce powerful toxins, are parasites, or symbionts

Animal-Like Protists Known as Protozoa Mostly heterotrophic Abundant in damp soil, fresh, and marine water Include: Amoeba, Foraminiferans, Paramecium, Radiolarians

Amoebas Unicellular Found in mud & sandy bottoms of marine habitats Move by pseudopodia- “false foot”, push forward in finger-like projections of cytoplasm Use to surround & engulf prey Reproduce by binary fission

Foraminiferans Shelled amoebas Marine Reproduce sexually & asexually Shell made of calcium chloride, has many chambers Many small openings through which pseudopodia project Marine Reproduce sexually & asexually Shells of dead foraminiferans make up special sediments Some is brought to surface & forms chalk deposits Ex: White Cliffs of Dover, English Channel

Radiolarians Shells made of silica Reproduce sexually Marine Small openings w/ pseudopodia projecting outward Reproduce sexually Marine Live throughout the different zones of the oceans

Paramecium Phylum Ciliophora Unicellular Marine & freshwater Distinct anterior & posterior ends Move by cilia Short, whip-like extensions that beat in rhythm