 Divisions  Cuttings  Layers  Grafting/budding  Tissue Culture

 Method that joins plant parts so they will grow as one plant  Used to propagate cultivars that will not root well as cuttings or whose own root systems are inadequate  Induce growth form (dwarfing)

 Scion  The plant part that is the top part of a graft and grows to become the desired shoot  Usually contains two or three buds  When only one bud present = budding  Rootstock  The bottom part of a graft that is in contact with the soil and not allowed to produce side shoots  Interstock  Portion between the scion and understock – not always present

Rootstock Scion Bud/ Graft Union

 To propagate plant whose cutting are difficult to root  To produce disease resistance to a susceptible but desirable cultivar  Rootstock is resistant to soilborne disease and pests  To rapidly increase the number of a desirable cultivar

 To change plant size and vigor  To repair damaged plant (established tree) parts  To change plant form  Virus indexing – page 372  A procedure used to determine whether a given plant is infected by a virus

 Compatibility  Diameter of Parts  Physiological State  Alignment of Tissues  ENVIRONMENT  OPERATOR

BarkCleft Whip & Tongue

 The aim of grafting is to make clean cuts in the tissue of the two pieces so that the CAMBIUM tissues can be matched together  Cambium is the main layer of meristematic tissue in woody plants  It is located as a thin layer of tissue immediately under the bark in stem and roots

 Cut again to form the tongue

 Push stock and scion tightly together  Wrap graft to keep cuts tight and to prevent drying

 Cut stock smoothly  Split stock, and open with grafting tool

 Long smooth cut to prepare scion  Cut again for pie shaped wedge  Insert scion into stock

 Cambium layers must match closely

 A slight slant can ensure cambium contact  Prevent drying, waxing  After first year, shorten one scion

 Prepare stock with a single or double cut  Cut scion to form a shoulder

 Insert scion under bark or use small nails

 A form of grafting in which the scion consists of a single vegetative bud.  Easier procedure than grafting  Done when stock is still actively growing

T-BudShieldPatch

 T cut in the bark of the stock  Bark needs to slip  Widely used in fruit production  Buds come from bud sticks  Vegetative shoots  Current season’s growth  Bark peels easily

 Uses a larger chip of wood, more wood then bark  Done in summer or fall  Video on T and chip budding

 Utilizing our knowledge of plant biology in order to propagate plant in vitro  Able to produce large numbers of plants in small amount of space  Use plant growth regulators to manipulate growth  Sugar-rich semi-solid agar medium in sterilized container

Amelenchier sp. 15 shoots per culture jar 1524 culture jars 4 week rotation 1 round = 22,860 shoots 1 year = 297,180 shoots

Whitespire Senior Birch

 Nourse Farms  m/CommercialGrowers/Trad eshows.aspx m/CommercialGrowers/Trad eshows.aspx