Quality linked to geographical origin and GIs Lessons learnt from the world and presentation of the project 1

Outline 2 1. Origin-linked products, GIs and rural development 2. What does FAO do in this domain 3. Presentation of the Croatian project and team

Origin-linked products, GIs and rural development 3

Product People Place GI Characterization of the local race Elaboration of the code of practice Protection of the GI and marketing Example: Chivito Criollo del Norte Neuquino, Argentina local specific breed in arid mountainous region (altitude ranging from 600 to 2400 m) Local natural and human resources: soil, climate, breed, varieties, know-how... Motivations and capacity to engage a collective process “we want the young can stay and live this life” Specific quality, reputation in the market Linking People, Product and Place

International Definitions  TRIPS Agreement (1994)  Geographical Indications identify a good as originated in the territory of a Member, where a given quality, reputation or other characteristic of the good is essentially attributable to its geographical origin  153 WTO member states  Lisbon Agreement (1958)  Appellation of Origin is the geographical name of a country, region, or locality, which serves to designate a product originating therein, the quality and characteristics of which are due exclusively or essentially to the geographical environment, including natural and human factors.  WIPO (158 member states)  27 Contracting Parties 5 “AO” defined by Lisbon can be considered as a category of “GI” defined by TRIPS GI are considered to be intellectual property rights, and members countries have to provide legal tools to protect these rights.

Advantages Economic Pillar Environmental Pillar  protection against fraud (legal protection);  access to niche markets;  adding value;  reducing market price fluctuations;  redistribution along value chain;  benefits from collective action;  maintain added value in the production areas  Etc.  awareness and sustainable use of natural resources  preservation of biodiversity,  Etc. 6 Social Pillar  self esteem and its indirect effects (power of negotiation/rights defense);  preservation of cultural heritage;  job opportunities;  positive effects on tourism.  Etc. Consumers’ side  social expectations  food diversity  guaranties about quality, origin and production process  Etc.

Varieties of GIs in the world  Geographical scope  What products  Protection and Property  governmental standard (public policy) or private standard according the country...  sui generis protection : 167 including the EU  TradeMark systems : 56 nations (a number use both)  Conformity assessment systems  Exigencies  And varieties of impact... 7

“GIs” in the world PGI Longkou Fen Si AOP safran de Taliouine Littoral Norte Gaucho rice AO Banana of Costa Rica Apples of Sbiba

National level (intern.) Regulation legal and institutional framework GI : Public recognition and protection Legal framework: Assessment, Registration, Protection Enabling environment at local level: support to local implementation, consumer information, … Action at local level Voluntary approach, private sector driven IP related to a territory/community of firms: -Demonstration of the specific link between the product and the territory -share a definition of the specific quality -manage the GI system intermediary actors andinstitutions intermediary actors and institutions Joint public-private and 2 levels actions one origin-linked product = one specific code of practice

Lessons learnt – Local  Not an automatic tool...  Impacts depend on local resources and process; not on registration as such  Collective approach and appropriation  Organization: representativeness and GI management  Code of practice / participative, shared definition  Market and partners identified (niche market with added value)  Identification of local resources for preservation of specific quality and heritage  Major constraints:  long term approach  Capacities 10

Lessons learnt – institutional New area that requires:  Clear and sound legal and institutional framework  Assessment and protection as IPR  Policies to promote GI with a positive impact on rural development  Coordination systems between different sectors, levels and capacities  Importance of consumer information 11

What does FAO do in this domain? 12

FAO Goals  ensuring a world in which all people have sufficient safe and nutritious food that meet dietray needs and food preferences  eliminating poverty, driving forward economic and social progress, enhanced rural development and sustainable livelihoods  ensuring sustainable management and utilization of natural ressources (land, water, climate, genetic resources…) GIs among other market tools and stanadrds can contribute to attain these goals Recent and quick development of GIs over the world 1994 :  Development of a multilateral legal framework for GIs within the WTO  national heritage: importance of promoting and protecting it Background

Quality & Origin project 14 www. foodquality-origin.org  Main objective: to assist Member Countries and stakeholders in developing Specific quality schemes.  Framework:  project launched in 2007  development of technical cooperation projects  Specific focus on origin-linked quality

Activities 15  Guidance tools and studies:  regional seminars, expert meetings, networking  Regional workshop "Food Quality Linked to Origin and Traditions in Southeastern European countries“, Belgrade, December 2008  Case studies ( South-eastern European: Užićka Goveća Pršuta, Serbia; Livno Cheese - Bosnia and Herzegovina; Bean of Tetovo - Tetovski Krav, FYROM)  Develop support (practical) tools, sensitization, communication  Technical cooperation projects:  According to requests  Combining support to  institutional (and legal when necessary) framework (national, regional)  pilot products (product, organization, value chain, market...)

Guide Linking People, Places and Products  FAO/SINER-GI  Road map for activating a local sustainable process in which GI can play a role for economic development and social/environmental preservation  Step by step approach 16

List of Technical Cooperation projects 17 COUNTRYDURATIONOBJECT Morocco Support to development and the implementation of a recognition system for specific quality signs and origin-based labels in Morocco. Tunisia Support to development and implementation of a control system for origin-based quality products Tunisia Elaboration of a national strategy: “promotion of a strategy for the valorization of quality products” Morocco Capacity-building of the local stakeholders to develop mountain quality products – Example of Saffron Lebanon 2009Development of a GI for the Labneh value-chain Bhutan Establishment of a national strategy for promotion and preservation of specific quality products: the case of Yak products Chili, Argentina, Brazil, Equator, Costa Rica Regional Technical Cooperation Project on origin-based and tradition-based quality of food products Ukraine Jan-Aug 2010Assessment of GI potential and its realization in support of rural development Croatia 2009 – ongoingFormulation of GI project – starting in 2011 Mali ongoing Supporting producers’ organization for a better exploitation of productions in the circles of Bandiagara and Menaka Guinea Bissau, Mali, Senegal Sierra Leone ongoing Promoting origin-linked quality products in four African countries ( in collaboration with Slow Food) Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos FormulationSupport to the implementation of GIs Mexico 2010 Assessment of specific and generic quality of Cotija cheese for specification and food safety Turkey FormulationPreservation and promotion of traditional cheese – Assessment for Gis

Presentation of the project in Croatia 18

Background  Regional seminar for Southeastern European countries, Belgrade dec  Importance of origin-linked products for rural development, and market potential  Bottlenecks: value-chain and market access, guarantees systems, lack of awareness and public-private governance  EBRD-FAO support to a pilot project in the area of GIs in Croatia in collaboration with  The public authorities: ministry of agriculture fisheries and rural development  An economic partner, processing and selling a number of origin-linked products in the region, Agrokor 19

Framework 20  Objectives: support development of sustainable GIs in Croatia by  enhancing the capacity of public actors in supporting GI development and protection, and strengthening dialogue and cooperation with producers  enhancing marketing organization and development of GI strategies along the value chain and within the territory  Supporting qualification of GI products  Framework:  project launched in January 2011, 2 years  National activities and 2 pilot cases  Team:  FAO, EBRD  MAFRD  Agrokor  REDD association  Other national and international experts

National capacities and raising awareness  Trainings of national commission members and all involved institutional stakeholders  Identification of origin-linked products and assessment of GI  Protection and control of GIs  Coordination between sectors and levels and synergies between programs  Elaboration of communication material to raise consumers and producers awareness : leaflet, promotional video  Guidelines for implementation of GI at local level “ Linking People Products and Place”  National conference at the end of the project 21

Pilot cases Baranya kulen  “Qualification” : finalization of specification and control plan for official recognition  Building capacities of the GI association,  Training on basic requirements,  Study tour (Italy, Parma)  “Remuneration”: marketing and system of control  Training of the GI association on marketing and plan of control  Training Handbook for Baranya kulen production  market study in European countries  participation in international fair  promotional leaflet 22

Pilot cases Mandarin of Neretva  “Identification” : specific quality linked to geographical origin and mobilization  Determination of specific properties of mandarin fruit by Agrokor /University of Zagreb  Training and study tour (Italy)  Studies: consumer survey and assessment of production system  “Qualification”:  Support to elaboration of specifications by producers in a participative approach  Building capacity of GI association, training 23

www. foodquality-origin.org Emilie Vandecandelaere Food and Agriculture Organisation of UN Service de la qualité des aliments et des normes alimentaires (AGND) Tel: Thank you