The Youngsters in Theoretical Nuclear Physics An Ace up France’s sleeve in the RIB competition

Some Thoughts for the Future The European Roadmap : FAIR and EURISOL For What Science? How can theoreticians, and particularly young French theoreticians, maximize their contribution?

NuPECC recommends the construction of 2 ‘next generation’ RIB infrastructures in Europe, i.e. one ISOL and one in-flight facility. The in-flight machine would arise from a major upgrade of the current GSI facility: FAIR, while EURISOL would constitute the new ISOL facility THE EUROPEAN PLAN The EURISOL Road Map Vigorous scientific exploitation of current ISOL facilities : EXCYT, Louvain, REX/ISOLDE, SPIRAL Construction of intermediate generation facilities: SPIRAL2, HIE- ISOLDE, SPES Design and prototyping of the most specific and challenging parts of EURISOL in the framework of EURISOL_DS.

Cooled beams Rapidly cycling superconducting magnets Key Technical Features Primary Beams /s; GeV/u; 238 U 28+ Factor over present in intensity 2(4)x10 13 /s 30 GeV protons /s 238 U 73+ up to 25 (- 35) GeV/u Secondary Beams Broad range of radioactive beams up to GeV/u; up to factor in intensity over present Antiprotons GeV Storage and Cooler Rings Radioactive beams e – A collider antiprotons stored and cooled at GeV Next Generation Facility: FAIR at GSI

A New In-Flight Exotic Nuclear Beam Facility II Superconducting large acceptance Fragment separator Optimized for efficient transport of fission products III Three experimental areas I High intensity primary beams from SIS 200 (e.g U / sec at 1 GeV/u) Talks by H. Geissel and M. Winkler on Thursday

Mass measurements Reactions with internal targets Elastic p scatt. (p,p’) ( ,  ’) transfer Electron scattering elastic scattering inelastic FAIR:Experiments at Storage Rings

 = 0.03  = 0.78 Ion sources RFQ 176 MHz HWRs 176MHz Elliptical ISCL 704 MHz 1 GeV/q H-, H+, 3 He MeV/u 100 keV 60 MeV/q140 MeV/q >200 MeV/q D+, A/q=2 Charge breeder Low- resolution mass-selector UC x target 1+ ion source n-generator  =  = 0.14  = 0.27  = QWR ISCL 88 MHz 3 QWRs ISCL 88 MHz 8 HWRs ISCL 176 MHz Spoke ISCL 264 MHz MeV/u (for 132 Sn) To low-energy areas Secondary fragmentation target A possible schematic layout for a EURISOL facility 4-MW target station  = spoke ISCL 325 MHz High-resolution mass-selector Bunching RFQ To medium-energy experimental areas  = 0.65 Elliptical ISCL 704 MHz  = 0.09,  = 0.15 H- H+, D+, 3 He MeV/u MeV/u To high-energy experimental areas RFQs Charge selector One of several 100-kW direct target stations

Yields of fission fragment after acceleration (best numbers for all) Today A Kr Yield, pps A Sn Thanks to Marek Lewitowicz

The Major Challenge is… That each of these facilities will cost 1 Billion (10 9 ) € to build and about 100 M€ each year to run We need to convince ourselves, our pairs, our funding agencies and eventually the tax payers that this is good use of the money spent!

The Nuclear Chart and Challenges

Nuclear landscape towards the drip-lines N Z 4 He structure of 24 O ? 24 O 23 N 22 C 31 F 30,31,32 Ne 33 Na 34 Mg 38 Mg Next drip-line nuclei ? 37 Na Si 40 Mg 44 Si Low-lying resonances ? Neutron skin ? Neutron excitation ? Density Profiles ? New shell effects ?  Complete the Identity card of drip-line nuclei 34 Ne Drip-line 07 : 125 Pd (Z=46) found at RIBF How far can ab-initio and no-core shell model go ?

Modification of magic numbers far from stability N 12 Mg 16 S 20 Ca E* (MeV) Mean Field + Correlations Shell Model

Results for E1 strength 25 Ne GS [MeV] 26 Ne GS S 1n S 2n Pb Target Al Target E* [MeV] We deduced: B(E1) = 0.60  0.06 e 2 fm 2 or 5.9  1.0% of TRK sum 9 MeV background subtracted

Neutron-proton pairing and correlations n-p pairing can occur in 2 different states: T=0 and T=1. The former is unique to n-p. It can be best studied in N=Z nuclei through spectroscopy and 2-nucleon transfer reactions. Beyond the mean field

 Synthesis of new elements/isotopes (Z  120)  Spectroscopy of Transfermium elements (Z  108)  Shell structure of superheavy nuclei GSI Z  112 RIKEN Z=113 DUBNA Z to 118? Super heavy elements : discovery and spectroscopy?? Structure +Reactions TDHF

Studying the liquid-gas phase transition far from stability Muller Serot PRC 1995 Bonche Vautherin NPA 1984 Neutron rich nuclei: isospin distillation Proton rich nuclei: vanishing limiting temperatures pressure asymmetry  p /  n From Ph. Chomaz and F. Gulminelli

Effect of shell closures on element abundances

Interactions fondamentales Transitions super-permises 0 +  0 + : hypothèse CVC.

A stimulating workshop A pleasure to listen to wonderfully talented young (and slightly older) theoreticians and experimentalists. This young theory community is unique to the world and an asset to France and Europe in the RIB competition. Good collaboration between groups Understanding of the necessity of close collaboration with experimenters.

A somewhat restricted view… World champions in mean field and beyond but Shell model? Ab-initio calculations? Reactions? Applications? Your community is large enough to master several approaches Your work should be driven by the diversity and advancement of the field, and not by the history of your lab.

Some tentative advice…maybe Improve your models and their predictive power based on new data but Take some time to think about new concepts, this will keep our field moving Get out of your lab. Go abroad and initiate collaborations. Spend some time in accelerator labs. See the World (of nuclear physics) Collaborate on experiments from submission to interpretation. Feel responsible. Help plan the future. Give you input and time to help foster new facilities. (Join the EURISOL User group at