MANGROVES OR MANGAL “Rainforest by the Sea”

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Chapter 3 Communities and Biomes
Advertisements

Saving The Mangroves Carina A. James Year 5G March 31,2014.
Marine Ecosystems Review. Ecology Ecology is the science that studies how living organisms relate to each other and their environment.
Introduction to Oceanography Physical Oceanography -Coastlines 2-
Odyssey Expeditions - Mangroves 1 NOAA Mangroves By Dave Cabrera.
Estuaries and Coral Reefs Chapters 3.4 and 3.5. Estuaries Estuaries are formed where a freshwater river empties into an ocean. The resulting water is.
February 16 th, 2011 Brittanica.com. Mangrove Swamps Also known as tidal forests Have received inadequate attention until recent years.
Mangrove Swamps Aquatic Biology and the Environment 2001.
Wetlands  Wetlands contain fresh water for part of the year -trap and filter sediments and pollutants -protect shorelines from erosion -spawning grounds.
Chapter 12 Estuaries: Where Rivers Meet the Sea Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Estuaries Shipley Marine Biology
From sand and water to Mangrove island formation Rosa Whiting, MPH.
Salt Marshes, Mangroves and Wetlands Chapter 5. Salt marshes Intertidal zone, emergent vegetation Plants have adapted to saline soils, inundation Salt.
Mangrove Ecosystems. What are Mangroves? Mangroves are plants that grow in tidal areas. The word mangrove can describe a single plant or it can refer.
A. Mangroves Or Mangal from mangue (tree) and grove (stand of trees) a.Replace salt marsh as the dominant coastal ecosystem in subtropical and tropical.
Coastal Wetlands Land areas covered by salt water at least part of the year are called coastal wetlands Provide habitat and nesting for fish and wildlife.
Ocean plants Maia McGuire Florida Sea Grant Extension Agent.
Salt Marshes and Mangroves By: Talia Broadus Taylor Simpson Daniel Pond Camille Cantrell.
Environments Unit: Mangroves
Chapter 7 Section 2 Environmental Science Ms. Mandel
BY RACHEL JACKSON THE MANGROVE SWAMPS. LOCATION Mangrove swamps are coastal wetlands found in tropical and subtropical regions. These wetlands are often.
Mangroves require warm tropical conditions. The mangrove swamp is a wetland which is covered by water only at high tide. It is found between the shore.
Tropical Shoreline Plants Open Beaches Dunes Rocky Shores Mangrove Communities.
Aquatic Biomes Characterized by depth, temperature, and chemicals (salt and oxygen) dissolved in the water Two types: Freshwater and Marine.
Tampa Bay Estuary Mrs. Stahl Special information from Tampa Bay Estuary Program and FWC.
COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS MANGROVES BIOL 202 MARINE BOTANY FALL 2009.
Aquatic Ecosystems Chapter 7.
Tropical Climates and Ecosystems.  The tropics are located between the Tropic of Cancer ( °N) and the Tropic of Capricorn ( °S)  In this.
Marine Ecosystems A brief overview of different marine ecosystems.
Chapter 7 Aquatic Ecosystems Environmental Science Spring 2011.
Do Now: What happens to water when salt and fresh water mix?
Lecture 16 - MANGALS. Mangal: a tropical shoreline community in which various species of MANGROVE are the dominant plant species.
AQUATIC ECOLOGY AQUATIC LIFE ZONES: TYPES OF ORGANISMS:
Aquatic Ecosystems. Aquatic Life Zones There are three categories of marine life based on where plants and animals have adapted to live. Plankton, organisms.
Estuaries – Florida Mangroves Materials in this PowerPoint adapted from the Everglades Foundation lesson “Living on the Edge” (
Estuaries.
By: Paige Harris, Alex Day, and Gabi Goodrich
Patterns in a community
A diverse group of trees that are salt tolerant (halophyte) and are viviparous. shallow and protected tropical and subtropical regions restricted to intertidal.
Coastal Marine Ecology
Chapter 7 Section 2. Estuaries Estuary – an area in which fresh water from a river mixes with salt water from the ocean Nutrients and minerals fall to.
Marine Science: Marine Algae, Sea-grasses and Emergent Plants.
Found in tropical and subtropical regions Largest and most diverse mangrove ecosystems are found in the Indo-Pacific, where reefs are the most numerous.
A habitat is the natural home or environment of an organism Since 71% of planet Earth is covered in water, many different types of marine habitats exist.
Chapter 7 Environmental Science
The Marine Biome Cycle carbon dioxide and oxygen on Earth Modifies temperatures changes Most important: provides stability to the web of life on Earth.
 made up of all waters between continents…”The World Ocean”  because waters are interconnected can be thought of as one large biome with many different.
Chapter 7 section 2 Marine ecosystems. Marine Ecosystems coastal areas and open ocean. coastal organisms adapt to changes in water level and salinity.
Aquatic Ecosystems. Aquatic Life Zones There are three categories of marine life based on where plants and animals have adapted to live. Plankton, organisms.
Mangroves Maria Meshcherskaya Period # 2. Species of Mangroves in the U.S. Red Mangrove White Mangrove Black Mangrove.
MANGROVE. Definition Mangrove Mangrove forest is a forest that growing above brackish marsh located on the shoreline an is influenced by tidal sea water.
Mangrove Swamps & Salt Marshes
Adaptation of Organisms in Local Ecosystems
Coastal Ecosystems: Mangroves
Estuaries.
What is a mangrove swamp?
Tidal wetlands.
Mangrove Forest Ecosystems
Estuaries: Where Rivers Meet the Sea
Estuaries – Florida Mangroves Materials in this PowerPoint adapted from the Everglades Foundation lesson “Living on the Edge” (
Chapter 7 Section 2 Environmental Science Ms. Mandel
Happy Tuesday! – 11/8 Which of the following is a shallow zone in a freshwater habitat where light reaches the bottom and nurtures plants?  A Benthic.
Estuaries.
Chapter 7 Environmental Science
4-4 Aquatic Ecosystems Water covers ¾ of Earth, has an average depth of 3.7 (deepest part is 11 km – 6.8 mi) miles, contains about 3% salt and only 3%
Mangroves also known as Mangal
Marine Ecosystems.
4-4 Aquatic Ecosystems Water covers ¾ of Earth, has an average depth of 3.7 (deepest part is 11 km – 6.8 mi) miles, contains about 3% salt and only 3%
4:4 Aquatic Ecosystems Water covers ¾ of Earth, has an average depth of 3.7 (deepest part is 11 km – 6.8 mi) miles, contains about 3% salt and only.
Marine Ecosystems.
Presentation transcript:

MANGROVES OR MANGAL “Rainforest by the Sea” Associations of halophytic trees, shrubs or other plants growing in brackish to saline water Found on tropical and subtropical coastlines Inundated daily with sea water but protected from heavy waves Limited by frost

ADAPTATIONS Salinity Control – salt exclusion or secretion Viviparous seedlings Prop roots and pneumatophores

SALINITY Facultative halophytes – found over a wide range of salinity; 10-60 ppt Competitive advantage over freshwater species Survive wide annual fluctuations

MANGROVE COMMUNITY TYPES Fringe Mangroves Overwash island Shoreline

Red Mangrove, Mangle Rojo Rhizophora mangle Red Mangrove, Mangle Rojo Opposite, evergreen leaves & white flowers Prop roots – grounded and ungrounded Viviparous

Black mangrove, Mangle negro Avicennia germinans Black mangrove, Mangle negro Opposite, leathery leaves; yellowish to dark green above, downy beneath with salt glands pneumatophores

Laguncularia racemosa White mangrove, Mangle blanco Leathery, opposite leaves with rounded tips and 2 salt glands on petiole

Conocarpus erectus Buttonwood, Mangle de botón Leaves alternate, elliptical, with a row of salt glands along the rachis

ZONATION MHW Conocarpus erectus Laguncularia racemosa Avicennia germinans Rhizophora mangle

SUCCESSION Peat accumulation balanced by tidal export, fire and hurricanes Advance and retreat of zones according to the fall or rise of sea level Stressed or youthful ecosystems Slowed or arrested succession Low diversity Open nutrient cycles

FACTORS CONTROLLING PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY Tides and water chemistry intertwined Transport of oxygen to roots Removal of toxins and salt from pore water Control of sediment accumulation Regeneration of nutrients lost from root zone Water chemistry alone Pore water salinity Concentration of nutrients

ORGANIC EXPORT 50% of productivity exported as detritus May supply as much as 52% of the fixed carbon available for secondary productivity Detritus primary food source to invertebrates and forage fish

ANIMALS ASSOCIATED WITH RED MANGROVE PROP ROOTS Roots provide nursery areas and solid substrate Proximity to and extent of exchange between coastal waters, especially coral reefs Presence or absence of algae Tidal amplitude Competitive interactions Predation, particularly intraguild predation http://jrscience.wcp.muohio.edu/html/tropecoimages.html#Anchor-mangroves

GENERAL FAUNAL TYPES Adjacent to coral reefs, e.g. Carrie Bow Cay, Belize Sponges, tunicates, hydroids, anemones, polychaetes Isolated from reefs Isopods, barnacles, molluscs, algae, amphipods

Laguna Boca Paila Water very clear Bottom either covered with Halodule wrightii, Ruppia sp., or leaf litter, otherwise sand/shell Tree heights 10-22 ft. Protected embayment with only a small inlet to Caribbean

ABUNDANCES OF HIGHER TAXA Isopod 6% Tanaid 4% Amphipod Bivalves 86% 3% Polychaete 1%

DOMINANT SPECIES Amphipods Isopods Algae Hyale plumulosa Ericthonius brasiliensis Parhyale fascigera Isopods Sphaeroma terebrans Algae Polysiphonia sp. Anotrichium tenue Bostrychia montagnei Batophora oerstiddi

EFFECTS OF ALGAE

ALGAE-DOMINATED ROOT Many small, motile invertebrates, especially amphipods Low diversity High abundance

BARE ROOTS Boring isopods & bivalves Balanoid barnacles Low diversity Low abundance

LAGUNA BOCA PAILA: PROPOSED FOOD WEB FOR R. MANGLE PROP ROOT COMMUNITY Detritus Green algae Vaunthompsonia minor Cyclaspis sp. Phytoplankton Primary producer Mugil cephalus Pachygrapsus gracilis Hyale plumulosa Ericthonius brasiliensis Nereis pelagica Mytilopsis leucophaeata Ischadium recurvum Nodolittorina lineolata Littoraria angulifera Cassidinidea ovalis Cyathura cubana Copepods Ostracods Nematode Macrobranchium acanthurus Palaemonetes vulgaris Bathygobius mystacium Gobiosoma bosc Lutjanus apodus Callinectes portunus Concrete relationship Sphoeroides testudinus Inferred relationship Eleotris pisonis Sphyraena barracuda Terminal carnivore

INTRAGUILD PREDATION Common in communities with many interference competitors Typical in mangrove prop root communities Defined as killing and eating of competitors Interference competitors at Laguna Boca Paila: Lutjanus-Callinectes Sphyraena-Lutjanus Palaemonetes-Bathygobius

BIRDS

FISH

IMPORTANCE TO LOCAL COMMUNITIES Traditionally managed by local communities Food, medicine, tannins, fuel wood, construction materials Sustainable, dependable, cultural Minimize property damage & deaths due to tropical weather Useful for treating effluent

CONSERVATION ISSUES Among the most threatened habitats in the world Coastal development may result in long-term exposure or flooding Timber & charcoal industries Expanding shrimp aquaculture Considered wastelands or useless swamps