时 态 Tense

Perfective progressive I do it. 一般simple 完成 Perfective 进行 progressive 完成进行 Perfective progressive 现在 present 过去 past 将来 future 过去将来 Past future I have done it. I am doing it. I have been doing it. I do it. I was doing it. I had been doing it. I did it. I had done it. I will have done it. I will be doing it. I will have been doing it. I will do it. I would be doing it. I would have been doing it. I would do it. I would have done it.

I do it. I did it. I will/shall do it./ I am going to do it. I would do it. I have done it. I had done it. I will have done it. I would have done it.

I am doing it. I was doing it. I will/ shall be doing it. I would be doing it. I have been doing it. I had been doing it. I will have been doing it. I would have been doing it.

一般现在时 Simple Present Tense 真理： Light moves faster than sound. 剧情介绍或解说： In the story, the heroine is the young and beautiful heiress to an immense fortune, but she has a lot of enemies.

一般过去时 Simple Past Tense 过去习惯： She often came to help us. 谈到已故的人： My grandmother was kind to us. 叙述过去的故事

一般将来时 Simple Future Tense shall, will, be going to do be to do, be about to do be doing (coming, leaving…) When is the factory to go into production? I’m taking the children to the zoo this coming Sunday.

一般过去将来时 Simple Past Future Tense He was 68. In two years he would be 70. 过去习惯性动作： Whenever he had time, he would help them in their work.

现在完成时 Present Perfective Tense Already, yet, just, ever, never, since, up till now, so far, by the time of … Grain output has greatly increased in the past few years. Grain output increased quickly in 2006.

现在完成时 vs 一般过去时 We haven’t invited him. We didn’t invite him. Xiao Yang has lost her watch. Xiao Yang lost her watch.

过去完成时 Past Perfective Tense “过去的过去” By the end of the last June they had treated 30 000 patients. The play had already started when we got to the theatre. 注意时间的连续性

将来完成时 Future Perfective Tense 将来某时会已经发生的事情 By this time next year we’ll have turned all the land into rice fields. When we get there they’ll probably have left.

现在进行时 Present Progressive Tense 最近按计划要进行的动作： We are leaving on Friday. I’m seeing the doctor today. 表感情： He is always thinking of his work. He is constantly leaving his things about.

过去进行时 Past Progressive Tense 故事发生时的背景： She was sitting at the window. Suddenly she heard someone calling her… I asked him whether he was coming back for supper. He was forever complaining about something.

将来进行时 Future Progressive Tense What will you be doing tomorrow evening? 表示预计即将发生或势必要发生的动作： When shall we be meeting again?

过去将来进行时 Past Future Progressive Tense I thought you would be sleeping. we wondered if he would be joining us. 注意时态呼应。

现在完成进行时 Present Perfective Progressive Tense I’ve been sitting here all afternoon. C.f. I’ve been writing an article. I’ve written an article.

过去完成进行时 Past Perfective Progressive Tense It had been raining for two days. The fields were all under water. At last they got the telegram they had been expecting.

Practice Jack ____from home for two days now, and I am beginning to worry about his safety. A) has been missing B) has been missed C) had been missing D) was missed

How can I ever concentrate if you ___ continually ___ me with silly questions? A) have, interrupted B) had, interrupted C) are, interrupting D) were, interrupting

The student said there were a few points in the essay he ___ impossible to comprehend. A) has found B) was finding C) had found D) would find

James has just arrived, but I didn’t know he _________ until yesterday. A) will come B) was coming C) had been coming D) came

_________ conscious of my moral obligations as a citizen. A) I was and always will be B) I have to be and always will be C) I had been and always will be D) I have been and always will be

For some time now, world leaders___ out the necessity for agreement on arms reduction. A) had been pointing B) have been pointing C) were pointing D) pointed 

Mr. White works with a chemicals import & export company, but he ____ for this industrial fair, since he is on leave. A) has worked B) works C) has been working D) is working

Come and see me whenever ____. A) you are convenient B) you will be convenient C) it is convenient to you D) it will be convenient to you

“Would you send this message to Prof. Wilson?” “Sure, ____him about something else in any case, so there won’t be any bother at all.” A) I’ll see B) I see C) I’ll be seeing D) I may see

Linda was _____ the experiment a month ago, but she changed her mind at the last minute. A) to start B) to have started C) to be starting D) to have been starting

The committee has anticipated problems that ____ in the road construction project. A) arise B) will arise C) arose D) have arisen

In his plays Shakespeare _____ his characters live through their language. A) would make B) had made C) made D) makes

The house _____ ready today but there has been a builders’ strike, so it is still only half finished. A) was to be B) was to have been C) were to be D) should be

That was not the first time he ____ us That was not the first time he ____ us. I think it’s high time we ____ strong actions against him. A) betrayed…take B) had betrayed…took C) has betrayed…took D) has betrayed…take

语 态 Voice

主动语态变被动语态 Active Voice changed to Passive Voice I do it. I did it. I will do it./ I am going to do it. I would do it. I have done it. I had done it. I will have done it. I would have done it.

被动语态 Passive Voice It is done. It was done. It is going to be done./ It will be done. It would be done. It has been done. It had been done. It will have been done. It would have been done.

主动语态 Active Voice I am doing it. I was doing it. I will/ shall be doing it. I would be doing it. I have been doing it. I had been doing it. I will have been doing it. I would have been doing it.

It is being done. It was being done. This issue is being questioned at the meeting. The children were being taken care of by their aunt at that time.

Practice This kind of glasses manufactured by experienced craftsmen ___ comfortably. A) is worn B) wears C) wearing D) are worn

含被动意义的主动语态。 The flowers smell sweet. The silk feels soft. The story proved quite false. The door won’t shut. The cloth washes well. The poem reads smoothly. The material has worn thin.

I suppose that when I come back in ten years’ time all these old houses ____ down. A) will have been pulled B) will have pulled C) will be pulling D) will be pulled

The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, ____ and perfected now. A) developed B) have developed C) are being developed D) will have been developed

Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ____ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time. A) care to challenge B) may be challenged C) have been challenged D) are challenging

I found that my cheating in last Monday’s English test ___ to my parents that very evening. A) was being reported B) had reported C) had been reported D) was reported