The Worlds of European Christendom: Connected and Divided CHAPTER 10 The Worlds of European Christendom: Connected and Divided 500–1300 AP World Mr. Owen Fall 2012

Eastern Christendom: Building on the Roman Past Intro 330 CE = Constantine 5th Century = West Falls Byzantine advantages The Byzantine State Political Persian style Court Ultimate goal = taxes / maintain order 1083 Territory started to shrink 1453 Constantinople conquered

Eastern Christendom: Building on the Roman Past The Byzantine Church and Christian Divergence Church was closely tied to the state: “caesaropapism” Orthodox Christianity deeply influenced all of Byzantine life Eastern Orthodoxy increasingly defined itself in opposition to Latin Christianity

Eastern Christendom: Building on the Roman Past Byzantium and the World Byzantium had a foot in both Europe and Asia , interacted intensively with neighbors continuation of long Roman fight with Persian Empire Byzantium was a central player in long-distance Eurasian trade Important cultural influence of Byzantium

Eastern Christendom: Building on the Roman Past The Conversion of Russia Prince Vladimir of Kiev Orthodoxy transformed state of Rus became central to Russian identity Moscow finally declared itself to be the “third Rome”

Western Christendom: Rebuilding in the Wake of Roman Collapse Intro Western Europe was on the margins of world history for most of the postclassical millennium.

Western Christendom: Rebuilding in the Wake of Roman Collapse Political Life in Western Europe, 500–1000 Traditional date for fall of western Roman Empire is 476 C.E. Results of Roman Collapse Survival of much of classical and Roman heritage Several Germanic kingdoms tried to recreate Roman-style unity

Western Christendom: Rebuilding in the Wake of Roman Collapse Society and the Church, 500–1000 within these new kingdoms: social hierarchies Catholic Church was a major element of stability Church and ruling class usually reinforced each other

Western Christendom: Rebuilding in the Wake of Roman Collapse Accelerating Change in the West, 1000–1300 a series of invasions in 700–1000 hindered European development weather improved with warming trend that started after 750 High Middle Ages: time of clear growth and expansion

Western Christendom: Rebuilding in the Wake of Roman Collapse Accelerating Change in the West, 1000–1300 (Continued) growth of long-distance trade, from two major centers European town and city populations rose New opportunities for women Growth of territorial states with better-organized governments

Western Christendom: Rebuilding in the Wake of Roman Collapse Europe Outward Bound: The Crusading Tradition Medieval expansion of Christendom after 1000 Crusade movement began in 1095 Most famous Crusades aimed to regain Jerusalem and holy places Other Crusades Iberian Peninsula Crusade Baltic Crusade Crusades had little lasting political or religious impact in the Middle East Crusades had a significant impact on Europe

The West in Comparative Perspective Catching Up Pluralism in Politics Reason and Faith