MIchaelson’s measurement of the velocity of light

PE Spectra N 2 NO O 2

Photoelectron Spectrometers

Photoelectron Spectroscopy Theory

HalogenIonization pot./eVVibration frequency/cm −1 Change in bondlength/Å F2F (894)-0.10 F2F Cl (557)-0.10 Cl Br (321)-0.09 Br Br Not resolvedNot determined I2I (214)-0.08 I2I I2I2 12.7Not resolvedNot determined

Harry Kroto 2004 E calc ≥ E o Variation Principle

H 2 Dissociation Energy GH&M K&W

Raman Spectrum

The Born-Oppenheimer Separation H  = E  H = H el + H vib + H rot + … Harry Kroto 2004

The Born-Oppenheimer Separation H  = E  H = H el + H vib + H rot + …  =  el  vib  rot … Harry Kroto 2004

The Born-Oppenheimer Separation H  = E  H = H el + H vib + H rot + …  =  el  vib  rot …  =  i  i Harry Kroto 2004

The Born-Oppenheimer Separation H  = E  H = H el + H vib + H rot + …  =  el  vib  rot …  =  i  i E = E el + E vib + E rot +… Harry Kroto 2004

The Born-Oppenheimer Separation H  = E  H = H el + H vib + H rot + …  =  el  vib  rot …  =  i  i E = E el + E vib + E rot +… E=  i E i Harry Kroto 2004

The Born-Oppenheimer Separation H  = E  H = H el + H vib + H rot + …  =  el  vib  rot  ns …  =  i  i E = E el + E vib + E rot + E ns … E=  i E i Nuclear Spin Harry Kroto 2004

αα βαββ αβ Spin

Hydrogen Bonding - Water

Ammonia Inversion

Ammonia Potential

Haber Bosch Process

The adjective kinetic has its roots in the Greek word κίνησις (kinesis) meaning motion, which is the same root as in the word cinema, referring to motion pictures.Greekkinesiscinema The principle in classical mechanics that E ∝ mv² was first developed by Gottfried Leibniz and Johann Bernoulli, who described kinetic energy as the living force, vis viva. Willem 's Gravesande of the Netherlands provided experimental evidence of this relationship. By dropping weights from different heights into a block of clay, 's Gravesande determined that their penetration depth was proportional to the square of their impact speed. Émilie du Châtelet recognized the implications of the experiment and published an explanation.[3]classical mechanicsGottfried LeibnizJohann Bernoullivis vivaWillem 's Gravesande's GravesandeÉmilie du Châtelet[3] The terms kinetic energy and work in their present scientific meanings date back to the mid-19th century. Early understandings of these ideas can be attributed to Gaspard-Gustave Coriolis, who in 1829 published the paper titled Du Calcul de l'Effet des Machines outlining the mathematics of kinetic energy. William Thomson, later Lord Kelvin, is given the credit for coining the term "kinetic energy" c. 1849–51.[4][5]Gaspard-Gustave CoriolisWilliam Thomson[4][5]

Willem 's Gravesande Born in 's-Hertogenbosch, he studied law in Leiden and wrote a thesis on suicide. He was praised by John Bernoulli[1] when he published his book Essai de perspective. In 1715, he visited London and King George I. He became a member of the Royal Society. In 1717 he became professor in physics and astronomy in Leiden, and introduced the works of his friend Newton in the Netherlands. He opposed fatalists like Hobbes and Spinoza. In 1724, Peter the Great offered him a job in Saint Petersburg, but Willem Jacob did not accept.'s-HertogenboschLeidenJohn Bernoulli[1]King George IRoyal Society physicsastronomy NewtonHobbesSpinozaPeter the GreatSaint Petersburg His main work is Physices elementa mathematica, experimentis confirmata, sive introductio ad philosophiam Newtonianam or Mathematical Elements of Natural Philosophy, Confirm'd by Experiments (Leiden 1720), in which he laid the foundations for teaching physics. Voltaire and Albrecht von Haller were in his audience, Frederic the Great invited him in 1737 to come to Berlin.VoltaireAlbrecht von HallerFrederic the Great His chief contribution to physics involved an experiment in which brass balls were dropped with varying velocity onto a soft clay surface. His results were that a ball with twice the velocity of another would leave an indentation four times as deep, that three times the velocity yielded nine times the depth, and so on. He shared these results with Émilie du Châtelet, who subsequently corrected Newton's formula E = mv to E = mv2. (Note that though we now add a factor of 1/2 to this formula to make it work with coherent systems of units, the formula as expressed is correct if you choose units to fit it.)physicsvelocityÉmilie du ChâteletNewton's

Harry Kroto 2004 Hydrogen

Hydrogen History

Problem 25 th Feb 2010 Write about a page on Boyle’s Law

David

Paul Wunderlich and Karin Szekessy

Zeppelin

Hydrogen Summary