The Anglo-Saxon Era 449 - 1066 Glory in Battle. The Anglo-Saxon Era 449 - 1066 Celts & Britons – original inhabitants Celts & Britons – original inhabitants.

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Presentation transcript:

The Anglo-Saxon Era Glory in Battle

The Anglo-Saxon Era Celts & Britons – original inhabitants Celts & Britons – original inhabitants 449 – Angles, Saxons & Jutes settled in England from North; Danes invaded later (Germanic) 449 – Angles, Saxons & Jutes settled in England from North; Danes invaded later (Germanic) Pagan – worshipped Germanic gods and fate Pagan – worshipped Germanic gods and fate Romans  Christianity  books Romans  Christianity  books Oral tradition recorded by Christian monks Oral tradition recorded by Christian monks Characteristics of poetry: Characteristics of poetry: –Subjects: Glory, battle, treasure, ocean travel, Fate –Tone: Heroic, tragic, bellicose –Form: Narrative, alliterative poetry (not rhyming) Kenning – 2 words in place of 1 (whale-road, life house)

Anglo-Saxon Literature The Book of Kells

The Invasions

The Medieval Period The Age of Chivalry The Age of Chivalry

The Medieval Period – Norman Conquest: William the Conquerer brought French language, customs (chivalry) and government (feudalism) 1066 – Norman Conquest: William the Conquerer brought French language, customs (chivalry) and government (feudalism) Feudalism = 3 classes: nobility, clergy, peasantry; religion dominated Feudalism = 3 classes: nobility, clergy, peasantry; religion dominated Legends – King Arthur and Robin Hood Legends – King Arthur and Robin Hood – Plague killed 1/3 European pop – Plague killed 1/3 European pop.

Medieval Legends

The Medieval Ballad Form: Narrative poem; originated in oral tradition; often set to music, usually quatrains (abcb) Form: Narrative poem; originated in oral tradition; often set to music, usually quatrains (abcb) Subjects: Loyalty, Christianity, battle, chivalry (focus is on plot only) Subjects: Loyalty, Christianity, battle, chivalry (focus is on plot only) Tone: Usually tragic, often supernatural, dutiful, heroic Tone: Usually tragic, often supernatural, dutiful, heroic

The Renaissance 1485 – 1660 Rebirth of Knowledge

The Renaissance 1485 – 1660 “Rebirth” of classical knowledge moved north from Italy “Rebirth” of classical knowledge moved north from Italy Tudor Dynasty – patrons of arts and sciences Tudor Dynasty – patrons of arts and sciences Gutenburg and Caxton increased literacy Gutenburg and Caxton increased literacy Reformation split church – Protestant / Catholic Reformation split church – Protestant / Catholic Highly structured & stylized designs in art & lit. Highly structured & stylized designs in art & lit. Characteristics of poetry: Characteristics of poetry: Form: Lyric poem, highly stylized – every syllable counts Form: Lyric poem, highly stylized – every syllable counts Subject: Ideal love, classical allusions Subject: Ideal love, classical allusions Tone: Respectful, impassioned, dutiful Tone: Respectful, impassioned, dutiful

Medieval v. Renaissance Art

The Sonnet Most popular form of poetry in Renaissance Most popular form of poetry in Renaissance Meter: Iambic Pentameter Meter: Iambic Pentameter Rhyme Scheme: Rhyme Scheme: Petrarchan / Italian – first form: ABBA ABBA CDDC CC Petrarchan / Italian – first form: ABBA ABBA CDDC CC Octet – First 8 lines, sets up the story Octet – First 8 lines, sets up the story Sestet – Second 6 lines, tells feelings / actions / outcomes Sestet – Second 6 lines, tells feelings / actions / outcomes Adapted by Shakespeare to form English sonnet: ABAB CDCD EFEF GG Adapted by Shakespeare to form English sonnet: ABAB CDCD EFEF GG

The Enlightenment The Age of Reason The Age of Reason

The Enlightenment Newton’s discovery and others led to focus on rationalism, science, knowledge Newton’s discovery and others led to focus on rationalism, science, knowledge Believed people are naturally good and must do good deeds – social reform, restraint, control, order Believed people are naturally good and must do good deeds – social reform, restraint, control, order Neoclassism – influenced by classical cultures Neoclassism – influenced by classical cultures Satire (humor + morality) flourished Satire (humor + morality) flourished Characteristics of poetry: Characteristics of poetry: Tone: Logical, reasonable Tone: Logical, reasonable Form: Strict rhyme scheme—often couplets Form: Strict rhyme scheme—often couplets Subjects: man and his role in the world, classical allusion Subjects: man and his role in the world, classical allusion

The Romantics Nature, Imagination & the Common Man Nature, Imagination & the Common Man

The Romantics  Lyrical Ballads written by Wordsworth and Coleridge  3 Revolutions: Industrial, French, American  Reaction against Enlightenment  Poetry – “the spontaneous overflow of powerful emotions recollected in tranquility”  Characteristics of poetry: –Subjects: Middle Ages, nature, mysterious and supernatural events, common man, rebellion –Form: Often lyric with looser rhymes –Tone: Spontaneous, rebellious, imaginative, mysterious

Enlightenment v. Romantic Art

The Victorian Age The Duty to Lead the World

The Victorian Age Optimism caused by strong navy, growing economy, technical progress Anxiety caused by Darwin’s theory & geological discoveries that challenged religious thought Duty to enlarge the Empire led to self-discipline, strict control, “stiff upper lip” Characteristics of poetry: Subjects: Duty, modernization, imperialization, reform, British Empire Form: Lyric, dramatic or narrative w/ strict rhymes Tone: Controlled, disciplined

The British Empire

The Modern Era Present Fragmentation and Globalization

The Modern Era Present  1905 – Einstein’s theory of relativity abolished absolutes  Women’s Rights movement changed / stressed the relationships between sexes  Nuclear bomb, wars, scandals of 60s and 70s led to paranoia  Characteristics of poetry: Form: Loosened forms, informal style, conversational tone, layered w/ meaningForm: Loosened forms, informal style, conversational tone, layered w/ meaning Subjects: Consciousness, time, movement, nebulous modern lifeSubjects: Consciousness, time, movement, nebulous modern life Tone: angry, lonely, apatheticTone: angry, lonely, apathetic

Modern Art