1 Lipids A Type of Organic Molecule -Fats, Oils, Waxes and Steroids

2  Not soluble in H 2 O but are soluble in oils.  More energy in lipids than in carbohydrates  Made up of C, H, O but very little O Lipids

3 Triglyceride: Fats 1 glycerol + 3 Fatty acids glycerol and fatty acids (hydrocarbon chains) hooked together by dehydration synthesis (condensation rxn) Glycerol Hydrocarbon chain (non polar) Glycerol Hydrocarbon chain (non polar)

*Draw the molecule in the space provided Glycerol Hydrocarbon chain (non polar) 4

5 When drawing hydrocarbons it is often easier and quicker to draw a kinked line where each kink represents a carbon. The angled appearance of the bonds is also a better representation of its actual structure. C C C

6 Phospholipid Same structure as triglyceride but with 1 phosphate group

7 2 types of fat on hydrocarbon tail Saturated A butter sculpture from the North Carolina state fair Unsaturated fats

8 Saturated Fats: HHHHas as many H’s as you can get SSSSolid at room temperature b/c carbon chains are straight and “stack” up flat MMMMade by animals Examples include: FFFFat LLLLard BBBButter

9 Triglyceride: Fats m.p. 70ºC

10 More butter sculpture… Yes, this is made of butter. It’s called “Deep in the heart of Texas” A fine use of saturated fat.

11 Unsaturated Fats:  Has double bonds, less H’s  Made by plants  Oil (liquid) at room temperature m.p. 16ºC m.p. -5ºC

12 I. Triglycerides and Fatty Acids fatty acids: most have even numbered chains, between 12 and 20 carbons cis isomer predominates in unsaturated fatty acids more unsaturation  lower melting point stearic acid (18:0) m.p. 70ºC oleic acid (9-18:1) an  -9 fatty acid m.p. 16ºC linoleic acid (9,12-18:2) an  -6 fatty acid m.p. -5ºC linolenic acid (9,12,15-18:3) an  -3 fatty acid m.p. -11ºC

13 Steroids Consist of four interconnected rings of carbon  Cholesterol (type of steroid)  Hormones (type of steroid)  Testosterone  Estrogen  Progesterone

14 androgens (male sex hormones) produced in the testes responsible for development of male sex characteristics estrogens (female sex hormones) produced in the ovaries responsible for development of female sex characteristics cortisone hormones produced in the adrenal cortex regulate metabolism of carbohydrates, decrease inflammation, involved in reaction to stress

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