 Organic = contains carbon  ALL living things contain carbon  So ALL living things are organic

 means “large molecule.”  are made from thousands or even hundreds of thousands of smaller molecules.  are formed by polymerization, the process in which large compounds are built by joining smaller ones together.

 Smaller units, called monomers, join together to form polymers, which are large compound formed from combinations of many monomers.  Polymer=Marcomolecule

 Large molecules that contain carbon and are found in living things  Four groups of organic compounds found in living things are 1)carbohydrates 2)lipids, 3)nucleic acids, and 4)proteins.

 are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms  Its monomers are called monosaccharides (one sugar)  usually in a ratio of 1:2:1 (1 carbon, 2 hydrogen, 1 oxygen).  Are used as main source of energy.  Most end in –ose.  Plants and some animals also use carbohydrates for structural purposes.

 There are three types of carbohydrates: 1) Monosaccharide 2) Disaccharides 3) Polysaccharides  Single or simple sugar molecules are also called monosaccharides. (Ex. Glucose, galatose, fructose) Formula- C 6 H 12 O 6  Two monosaccharides combined to form disaccharides (ex. Sucrose, Lactose, Maltose) Formula – C 12 H 22 O 11  Large macromolecules formed from many monosaccharides are known as polysaccharides or complex sugars (Ex. Glycogen, Cellulose)

 Here are some examples of carbohydrates!

 Commonly known as fats, oils, and waxes.  Its monomers are fatty acids and glycerol.  Lipids are made of carbon and hydrogen atoms.  Lipids can be used to store energy.  Lipids are not soluble in water.  Some lipids are important parts of biological membranes and waterproof coverings.

 Phospholipids  Triglycerides  Waxes

 Phospholipids- two fatty acids joined to one glycerol

 Triglycerides- three fatty acids joined to one glycerol

Waxes – many fatty acids joined to many glycerols

 Saturated and Unsaturated  If each carbon atom in a lipid’s fatty acid chain is joined to another carbon by a single bond, the lipid is said to be saturated (contains the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms)  Solid at room temp  Bad for you  Examples: Butter, Lard, Shortening

 If at least one carbon-carbon double bond is on a fatty acid chain, the chain is unsaturated.  Are liquid at room temp.  Examples: peanut oil, corn oil, soybean oil  Good for you

 If there is more than one double bonded carbon, the chain is polyunsaturated.  Stupid good for you!!!!