Lipids.

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Presentation transcript:

Lipids

Aim: What are the building blocks of lipids? Do Now: Identify the four major groups of organic compounds. Identify the process in which several monosaccharides form a polysaccharide (or disaccharide) chain of sugars? What is added/removed during this process? What two types of atoms are always found in organic substances?

Lipids Lipids include waxes, fats, and oils Fats- solid at room temperature Oils- liquid at room temperature.

Lipids Atoms found in lipids: Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), and Oxygen (O) atoms are found in all lipids. Lipid atom ratio: 1C: 4H:1 O Nonpolar (will not mix with H2O) Q: Which other organic compound is made up of C, H, and O atoms? Carbohydrates!

Building Blocks Fatty acids Glycerol Glycerol

Functions Within Organisms Energy storage Lipids store 2x as much energy as carbohydrates. Insulation and protection Fatty tissue cushions vital organs and helps insulate the body. Cell structure Phospholipid Bilayer Weddell Seal

Phospholipids 2 fatty acids + 1 glycerol molecule Cell membrane consists of 2 layers of phospholipids (lipid bilayer). Forms a barrier (semi-permeable membrane)

Fatty Acids Long unbranched carbon chains with a carboxyl (-COOH) at one end. COOH = polar/hydrophilic Hydrocarbon end = nonpolar/hydrophobic Make up most lipids Saturated- each C has 4 covalent bonds with 4 other atoms. Unsaturated- C atoms are not bonded to 4 atoms. Instead, they form C=C bonds.

Triglycerides Consist of three fatty acid molecules + 1 molecule of glycerol. Saturated triglycerides- contain saturated fatty acids Unsaturated- do not High melting points Saturated- Usually solid at room temperature (Ex: butter and fats in red meat). Unsaturated- usually soft or liquid at room temperature.

Energy Storage When food is scarce: animals break down fat molecules to release energy for life processes. When food is plentiful: excess food is converted into fats for LONG-TERM energy storage in animals. Plants: oils are stored in seeds to provide energy to start the growth of the new plant.

Water Barriers Phospholipids Waxes- Hydrophobic region (water fearing) Hydrophilic region (water loving) Waxes- thin layer covers stems and leaves of plants to prevent evaporation of water from plant cells. Some birds coat their feathers in oil. Why?

Dehydration Synthesis Animation

The End!

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