Bell Ringer Which of the following statements do you most agree: Westward expansion was an inevitable and positive process. Westward expansion was immoral and unfair because of the way it affected Native Americans. Westward expansion was a process of its time and cannot be judged by modern standards.

The South and West Transformed 1865 - 1900 Chapter 6

Section 1: The New South

Chapter 6.1: The New South Objectives Explain how the southern economy changed in the late 1800s. Analyze how southern farmers consolidated their political power. Describe the experience of African Americans in the changing South.

Industries and Cities Grow The South Remained largely agricultural and poor after the Civil War Farming became more diversified; grain, tobacco, and fruit crops (small farms replaced large plantations)

Railroads Link Cities and Towns To combat economic isolation, southerners lobbied the federal government for more rail building

Southern Economic Recovery in Limited Sustained economic development requires resources, labor, and capital investment. (industry is a three legged stool. Public education was limited in the South, there were few technical and engineering schools

Southern Farmers Face Hard Times Cash Crop – products grown not for there use but sold for cash Cotton remained a staple crop after the Civil War and during the war many European textile factories found other sources (depressed prices)

Farms Band Together Farmers’ Alliance – farmers in Texas in the 1870 began to organize as a group for lower prices for supplies (lobbied for lower transport cost and loan rates)

Black Southerners Gain and Lose Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth amendments gave many gains that were stifled by the courts. Voting, Education, businesses, purchasing power, farmer groups (Federal Laws)

White Backlash Begins Ku Klux Klan used terror and violence Civil Rights Act of 1875 – congress guaranteed black patrons the right to ride trains and use public facilities Supreme Court ruled that these were local issues

Bell Work: Vocab Using Chapter 6.2 (pg. 160), Describe in detail the following terms & people. reservation Chief Joseph Assimilate Dawes General Allotment Act

Section 2: Westward Expansion & the American Indians

Chapter 6.2: Objectives Compare the ways Native Americans & white settlers viewed & used the land. Describe the conflicts between white settlers & Indians. Evaluate the impact of the Indian Wars.

Cultures Under Pressure The federal government forced Native Americans west past the Mississippi to lands they were to have FOREVER during the 1840’s.

Cultures Under Pressure Westward expansion would soon dissolved this promise “Great American Desert” Native Americans had many diverse cultures influenced by geography Pacific North west – fish and forests South hunter-gatherers South West – arid lands Pueblo people Plains – buffalo (Natives saw themselves as part of nature)

Threatened by Advancing Settlers President Jackson moved the Cherokees off their land in Georgia and onto the Great Plains (Whites were discouraged form contact with the Native Americans) Gold and Silver Reservations – specific areas set aside by the government for Indians’ use

New Settlers and Native Americans Clash Red River War – 1874; Indians attack Texans. Marked end of Southern Buffalo herds. Opened Western Panhandle of Texas to settlers. Final defeat of southern Plains Indians. Sand Creek Massacre – 1864; Colorado militia killed a camp of unarmed Cheyenne/Arapaho Indians, whom were under protection. New Settlers and Native Americans Clash Fetterman Massacre – 1866; Red Cloud (Sioux) lured Capt. Fetterman/troops into an ambush. U.S. I. P. C. – lasting peace would come only if N.A. assimilated. Little Big Horn – 1876; Prospectors Vs. Sioux (Crazy horse & Sitting Bull). Custer sent to drive Indians out. Sioux kill Custer/250 men. Fort Laramie Treaty – 1868; U.S. no road through Sioux land/abandon 3 forts. Indians live on reservation w/support of gov’t. Nez Perces – 1877; U.S. attempts to move Christian Indians. Chief Joseph leads refugees 1,300 miles to Canada. Surrender short. Wounded Knee – 1890; Ghost Dance revival. U.S. arrest Sitting Bull to stop. Troops sent after fleeing Indians. All 100 Indians killed. Seals Indian demise.

The End of the Indian Wars Red River War – U.S. failed to fulfill the “Treaty of Medicine Lodge,” and keep white buffalo hunters off Indian land

Battle of the Little Big Horn Sitting Bull – famed fighter, trained holy man, first ever chief of the seven bands Battle of the Little Big Horn – led by Crazy Horse, Custer and all of his men were killed

Chief Joseph Chief Joseph – led a group of refugees to Canada 1,300 miles

Wounded Knee Wounded Knee – sealed the Indians demise after being weakened more than 100 men women and children were killed

The Government Promotes Assimilation Assimilated – to be absorbed into the main culture of a society Dawes General Allotment Act – replaced the reservation system with an allotment system. Each family was given 160-acre farmstead