What is Science Study of the physical universe An organized body of facts Experimentation –Observation Cannot be vague Avoid inference.

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Presentation transcript:

What is Science Study of the physical universe An organized body of facts Experimentation –Observation Cannot be vague Avoid inference

Scientific Method – is a problem solving process Define the problem – ask a question Form a hypothesis – educated guess Test the hypothesis – use the tools of science Accept or reject hypothesis – evaluate data Reformulate hypothesis Verify hypothesis - retest

Measurement in Science Scientific Notation – a shorthand method for writing very large and small numbers Metric System – an international measurement system that uses the decimal system units of division (base 10) Significant Figures – any measurement which is reliable

Scientific Notation Numbers are expressed as a value between 1 and 10 (not 10) times 10 raised to a power –Ex x = ● Addition and Subtraction – exponents must have the same value ● Multiplication – add exponents ● Division – subtract exponents

Addition and Subtraction 7.55 x x Must change exponents to match 7.55 x x 10 -7Note: the exponent got x smaller so the number gets bigger Final correct ans x Subtraction follows the same rule

Multiplication – add exponents 5.39 x 10 5 x 3.21 x x 10 8 Note: the answer is not in proper scientific notation 1.73 x 10 9 Proper Scientific Notation

Division – subtract exponents 7.26 x 10 5 ÷ 3.21 x 10 3 = 226 Note: the answer is not in proper scientific notation 2.26 x 10 2 Proper Scientific Notation 2.08 x = x x Note: the answer is not in proper scientific notation 6.48 x Proper Scientific Notation

Metric System Basic Units –Meter – length –Gram – mass –Cubic decimeter (or Liter) – volume –Kelvin (or Celsius) – temperature –Seconds – time –Joules – energy

Metric System Prefixes kilo times basic unit hecto times basic unit deka – 10 1 – 10 times basic unit deci times basic unit centi times basic unit milli times basic unit micro times basic unit Metric converter - is helpful when learning conversions

Metric Converter SmallerPrefixFactorScientific Notation units nano (n)1/1,000,000,000   micro (   milli (m)1/1000   centi (c)1/100   deci (d)1/10   Standard(Meter, Liter, 1   unitGram) deka (D)10   hecto (h)100   kilo (k)1000   mega (M)1,000,000   giga (G)1,000,000,000   Larger Units Decimal Point Movement

Significant Figures (digits) Accuracy – difference between a measured value and the true or accepted value Precision – degree of agreement between measured values

Accuracy vs. Precision AccuratePreciseAccurate and Precise Note: The accurate target is not precise but the average of the values is accurate

Significant Figures Rules for defining significant figures - Leading zeros are not significant Ex: Trailing zeros are not significant unless there is a decimal point following them Ex:

Significant Figures (cont.) -Captive zeros are always significant Ex: 2003, , Zeros to the right of a decimal and a non-zero number are always significant Ex: , ,

Significant Figures Rules of Operations –Addition and subtraction – the limiting term is the one with the smallest number of places to the right

Significant Figures Rules of Operation (cont.) –Multiplication and division – the answer contains the same number of significant figures as the value with the smallest number of significant figures = x Ans: 2 sig. figs. Ans: 3 sig. figs