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Inertia Lab The goals of this lab are to: Verify Newton’s Second Law F=ma. Measure acceleration due to gravity, g.

Materials and Setup Cart Pulley String Masses 0.2 kg – 1.0 kg Stop watch Meter stick Scale (spring or other) A cart of mass, mcart, with an added mass, m, on a table is connected by a string to a mass, mhang, hanging over a pulley that is fixed to the edge of the table. The length of the string, x, is just long enough for the hanging mass to touch the floor when the cart touches the pulley.

*The System & Measurements mhang FT mhang g a mcart + m FT a FT = (mcart + m) a –FT + mhang g = mhang a Net Force on System Total Mass of System Acceleration of System mhang g = (mcart + m + mhang) a in the end also find this vary this find this

(For Discovery Skip to Next Section) Guided Lab - Procedure and Examples (For Discovery Skip to Next Section)

Procedure Measure the time for a cart to travel the distance x, as the mass added to the cart is changed. Preparation: Weigh the cart, then determine its mass mcart in kg. Hang a small mass (10 or 20 g) on the end of the string. Measure the distance that the cart travels: x in meters (this should be the same as the distance from the floor to the top of the table) For each mass: m = 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 1.0 kg: Put the mass in the cart. Pull the cart back until the hanging mass just touches the pulley. Let go of the cart and time how long it takes for the cart to reach the pulley. Do this three times (enter these times, t1, t2 and t3, in columns 5, 6 and 7). All data and calculations should be entered on the data table attached to the end of the handout.

Data Collection and Analysis

(Guided Continues at Analysis and Application) Discovery Lab - Questions to Consider (Guided Continues at Analysis and Application)

Given the physical quantity you are trying to find and the available equipment: what quantities can you measure? how will you analyze your data? algebraically and/or graphically? what graph or equation must you use to obtain the quantity you need to find from those measured? how will you ensure that your data is sufficiently accurate and thus useable? (e.g. measurement precision, number of trials...) what rows and columns should your data table have to collect data and show results of calculations? how will you do the experiment: setup equipment, perform measurements, assign roles in your team? if your analysis was graphical, what equation can you suggest to predict the physical quantity you were trying to find? what aspects of the experiment caused uncertainties in your experimental results?

Analysis and Application Questions

Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6 g What value did your group get for g? Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6 g Why might you have different results? Where the results differ from 9.8 m/s2, why?

1 Another experiment is performed using the same apparatus as the experiment you just completed. This time the cart with added mass is, mcart+m = 1.8kg and the hanging mass, mhang = 0.2kg. What is the acceleration of the cart?

2 A 20 kg mass is connected by a 100 meter cable to a 1000 kg car that is at rest, with its brakes off, about 100 meters from the edge of the cliff. The weight is then hung over a pulley at the edge of the cliff and released. What is the acceleration of the car toward the cliff?