Essential Question What were the goals of the progressive movement? What were the goals of the progressive movement?

The Roots of Progressivism

Progressivism ( ) Series of reform efforts that changed U.S. society Series of reform efforts that changed U.S. society

Social Problems Crime Crime Illiteracy Illiteracy Alcohol abuse Alcohol abuse Child Labor Child Labor Health and safety issues Health and safety issues

Progressivism Believed industrialism and urbanization had created social problems Believed industrialism and urbanization had created social problems Agreed government should take a more active role in solving society’s problems Agreed government should take a more active role in solving society’s problems

Muckrakers Crusading journalists Crusading journalists Investigated social conditions and political corruption Investigated social conditions and political corruption

Ida Tarbell Published a series of articles critical of the Standard Oil Company (Rockefeller) Published a series of articles critical of the Standard Oil Company (Rockefeller)

Lincoln Steffens Reported on vote stealing and corrupt urban political machines Reported on vote stealing and corrupt urban political machines

Jacob Riis Focused on poverty, disease, and crime in NYC immigrant neighborhoods Focused on poverty, disease, and crime in NYC immigrant neighborhoods

Jane Addams Hull House Hull House Settlement house for helping the poor in cities Settlement house for helping the poor in cities

Women’s Christian Temperance Union Organized in 1874 Organized in 1874 Pressed for prohibition – laws banning the manufacture, sale, and consumption of alcohol Pressed for prohibition – laws banning the manufacture, sale, and consumption of alcohol

18 th Amendment Passed in 1919 Passed in 1919 Prohibited the making, selling, and transporting of alcohol Prohibited the making, selling, and transporting of alcohol

Direct Election of Senators The Constitution stated each state legislature would elect two senators The Constitution stated each state legislature would elect two senators 17 th Amendment – direct election by the population of U.S. senators 17 th Amendment – direct election by the population of U.S. senators

Political Reforms Initiative – allow citizens to introduce legislation Initiative – allow citizens to introduce legislation Referendum – allow legislation to be submitted to voters for approval Referendum – allow legislation to be submitted to voters for approval Recall – allow voters to demand a special election to remove an elected official Recall – allow voters to demand a special election to remove an elected official

Suffrage Movement Suffrage = right to vote Suffrage = right to vote By 1900 – only Wyoming, Idaho, Utah and Colorado had granted women voting rights By 1900 – only Wyoming, Idaho, Utah and Colorado had granted women voting rights

Suffrage,

Nineteenth Amendment Ratified in 1920 Ratified in 1920 Gave women the right to vote Gave women the right to vote

Child Labor 1900 – over 1.7 million children under the age of 16 worked outside the home 1900 – over 1.7 million children under the age of 16 worked outside the home Most in factories Most in factories

Coal Mine “Breaker Boys”

Cloth Factories

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire March 25, 1911 March 25, 1911 Sweatshop Sweatshop Fire kills 146 Fire kills 146 Young female immigrant workers Young female immigrant workers

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire

The Rise of Segregation

Sharecropping Most African American farmers were sharecroppers Most African American farmers were sharecroppers Always in debt and landless Always in debt and landless

Jim Crow Laws Segregation = separation of races Segregation = separation of races Laws that enforced segregation were Jim Crow laws Laws that enforced segregation were Jim Crow laws

Jim Crow Laws Railroad cars Railroad cars Restaurants Restaurants Water fountains Water fountains Hotels Hotels Swimming pools Swimming pools

Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court case Supreme Court case Enforced segregation with a “separate but equal” clause Enforced segregation with a “separate but equal” clause Legal basis for discrimination Legal basis for discrimination

Booker T. Washington African American educator African American educator Focused on achieving economic goals rather than political Focused on achieving economic goals rather than political Speech known as the Atlanta Compromise Speech known as the Atlanta Compromise

W.E.B. DuBois African Americans must demand their rights rather than allow them to be stripped away African Americans must demand their rights rather than allow them to be stripped away

Niagara Movement (1905) African American leaders met at Niagara Falls to demand full political rights African American leaders met at Niagara Falls to demand full political rights Led to the founding of the NAACP Led to the founding of the NAACP