Crisis in the Colonies, 1745–1775 The American Nation Chapter 5 – Section 2 Turmoil Over Taxation Crisis in the Colonies, 1745–1775 Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

Turmoil Over Taxation Objectives to learn: Chapter 5, Section 2 Objectives to learn: How did Britain attempt to ease growing tensions on the American frontier? How did the colonists react to new taxes imposed by Parliament? Which new colonial leaders emerged as the conflict with Britain escalated? What events led to the Boston Massacre?

How did Britain attempt to ease growing tensions on the American frontier? Chapter 5, Section 2 After the war, British colonists headed west to claim land. British colonists fought with the Native American nations in the Ohio Valley. Britain sent Lord Jeffrey Amherst to keep order. He raised the price of trade goods to Indians. He allowed settlers on Indian lands. In Pontiac’s War, angry Indian nations joined in an attack on British forts in the Ohio country (Fort Detroit). Ended when the French told the Indians they could no longer help because they signed a treaty. The British issued the Proclamation of 1763, drawing an imaginary line along the Appalachians. Colonists were forbidden west of the line. Colonists had to pay for the additional British troops being sent to enforce the proclamation. (Daniel Boone)

Pictures of Pontiac’s War

Pontiac’s War – Honors and Onlevel Movie: The War that Began America Pontiac’s War – Chapter 6 Proclamation of 1763 – Chapter 8 Complete “Pontiac’s Advice” puzzle

The cost of the French-Indian War for the Colonists (Britain Pays for the French-Indian War)

The Proclamation of 1763

II. Parliament Imposes New Taxes Chapter 5, Section 2 Colonists settle on Indian lands in the west Pontiac’s War breaks out on the frontier Proclamation of 1763 stops settlement in the west Stationing British troops in the colonies proves costly British government decides American colonists should help pay for troops Sugar and Stamp Acts burden colonists with new taxes Stormy protests break out in many colonies

How did the colonists react to new taxes imposed by Parliament? Chapter 5, Section 2 British Action Sugar Act of 1764 What It Did Lowered the tax on molasses; made it easier for British officials to try colonial smugglers. Colonial Reaction Stamp Act of 1765 Placed new duties on legal documents; taxed newspapers, almanacs, playing cards, and dice. Colonists protested angrily – riots in New York, Boston, Newport, and Charleston. Colonists coined the slogan “No Taxation Without Representation.” Colonists united. Delegates met in a Stamp Act Congress in Oct. 1765. The Congress drew up a petition, a formal written request to someone in authority, signed by a group of people. Colonists boycotted, or refused to buy, British goods. Parliament repealed, or canceled, the Stamp Act. Little reaction because their was already a similar tax in place, this tax lowered the previous tax. Stamp Act History Channel - http://www.history.com/topics/stamp-act/videos#colonists-protest-british-policies

The Sugar Act

The Stamp Act

Onlevel - Summarize Reactions to the Stamp Act Read the following: “Patrick Henry Demands Liberty or Death” “James Otis Fights the Stamp Act” Summarize: What were the reactions of Patrick Henry and James Otis to the Stamp Act

Honors: Reactions to the Stamp Act Read the Stamp Act of 1765 Complete questions #1-3. What was the reaction of the colonists to the Stamp Act? Read the “Speech Against Writs of Assistance” by James Otis Complete questions #1-2.

Parliament Imposes New Taxes Chapter 5, Section 2 British Action Townshend Acts of 1767 What It Did Taxed goods such as glass, paper, paint, lead, and tea. Set up new ways to collect taxes, including writs of assistance, legal documents that allowed officers to inspect another person’s property without giving a reason. Colonial Reaction Colonial merchants and planters signed agreement to stop importing taxed goods. Sons of Liberty and Daughters of Liberty, conducted mock hangings, petitions, boycotts, and threats.

Protest to Parliament’s laws

Homework: Honors: Complete the following worksheets in the Chapter 5 – Section 2 packet: “Patrick Henry” Connecting History and Literature: “Speech Against Writs of Assistance” “The Sons of Liberty” Onlevel: Complete the following worksheet in the Chapter 5 – Section 2 packet: “The Sons of Liberty”

Which new colonial leaders emerged as the conflict with Britain escalated? Chapter 5, Section 2 Samuel Adams of Massachusetts was a talented organizer. He arranged protests and stirred public support. John Adams of Massachusetts had a knowledge of British law that earned him respect. Mercy Otis Warren of Massachusetts wrote plays that made fun of British officials. Abigail Adams of Massachusetts wrote to spur colonists to action. George Washington of Virginia joined in protesting the Townshend Acts. Patrick Henry of Virginia gave speeches that stirred others to action. Thomas Jefferson of Virginia was a rising law student.

Colonial Leaders

More Colonial Leaders

Trouble in New York in 1767 Quartering Act – a law passed by Parliament making colonists provide housing, candles, bedding, and beverages to soldiers stationed in the colonies. The New York assembly refused to obey the law and Britain dismissed the assembly in 1767.

The Quartering Act

The Quartering Act and the Stamp Act

What events led to the Boston Massacre? Chapter 5, Section 2 Britain sent soldiers to Boston to protect customs officials. Bostonians saw the British as bullies and insulted or assaulted the British soldiers. On March 5, 1770, Bostonians gathered outside the Boston customs house, shouting insults and throwing things at the British guards. Suddenly, panicked soldiers fired into the crowd, killing some colonists. (Samuel Maverick and Crispus Attuck) Colonists protested the incident, calling it the Boston Massacre. (ex. Paul Revere’s engraving, Samuel Adams’ letters) The soldiers were tried, but John Adams defended them in court and was able to win light sentences for them. Samuel Adams formed a committee of correspondence, a group that regularly wrote letters and pamphlets reporting to other colonies on events in Massachusetts. History Channel - http://www.history.com/topics/boston-massacre/videos#boston-massacre

The Townshend Acts and the Boston Massacre

Committee of Correspondence

Onlevel/Honors: The Boston Massacre Read “The Boston Massacre” Answer the questions #1-4.

V. The Boston Massacre

Quotation by John Adams “One of the best pieces of services I ever rendered my country.” ~John Adams~

A Temporary Calm in the Colonies Townshend Acts were repealed because of British merchants losing money with the boycotts. Quartering Act was repealed. Tea tax remained so King George III and Parliament could show they could tax the colonies.

Exit Ticket Why did colonists protest against Britain? A. Britain forced colonists to move west B. Britain forced Native Americans to move west C. Britain forced France to surrender its land D. Britain taxed the colonists without their representation

Section 2 Assessment Chapter 5, Section 2 Britain’s main reason for taxing the colonies was that a) it expected the colonists to help pay the costs of the French and Indian War. b) it gave them an excuse to bring smugglers to trial. c) it expected the colonists to pay the costs of the Proclamation of 1763. d) it wanted to make the colonists feel closer to Great Britain. Colonists said they objected to the Stamp Act and other taxes mainly because a) the taxes were too high. b) the taxes would not go to help the colonies. c) the tax laws were passed by a Parliament in which colonists had no representatives. d) the taxes were too low to do any good. Want to connect to the American History link for this section? Click here.

Section 2 Assessment Chapter 5, Section 2 Britain’s main reason for taxing the colonies was that a) it expected the colonists to help pay the costs of the French and Indian War. b) it gave them an excuse to bring smugglers to trial. c) it expected the colonists to pay the costs of the Proclamation of 1763. d) it wanted to make the colonists feel closer to Great Britain. Colonists said they objected to the Stamp Act and other taxes mainly because a) the taxes were too high. b) the taxes would not go to help the colonies. c) the tax laws were passed by a Parliament in which colonists had no representatives. d) the taxes were too low to do any good. Want to connect to the American History link for this section? Click here.

John Adams Movie DVD 1 – Episode 1 – Join or Die – 30 min. Boston Massacre John Adams defending the British soldiers in court Write key words down. Write a summary of important topics.