Dr. Jim Rowan ITEC 2110 Animation Digital Media Dr. Jim Rowan ITEC 2110 Animation

Two ways to create moving images Capture using a camera edit in a video editor like iMovie Create using animation techniques today we will spend most of our time here

Two ways to create moving images Capture using a camera edit in a video editor like iMovie Create using animation techniques

Image Capture and iMovie... Capture images using miniDV camera Manipulate using iMovie

Two ways to create moving images Capture using a camera edit in a video editor like iMovie Create using animation techniques

Animation “Bring to life” using still images to create frames Many techniques draw each frame individually (FlipBook) paint on (or otherwise modify) existing video or film rotoscope changes frames of an existing film Trace some portion of a frame and delete it Add something drawn-in later cell animation cut-out manipulation clayMation or modeling clay manipulation mixed cell and film

Walt Disney Snow White 1937

Cell Animation... Only have to re-create the parts that change Use paintings on clear plastic Can have a background that is larger than the frame and “slides” past

Cell Animation... Disney had an army of excellent painters More skilled painters painted key frames Less skilled filled in between the key frames Known as “tweeners” Shadows had to be individually painted

Disney’s original cells sell for a fortune So... what about “Simpsons?”

Simpsons Cell animation First 14 episodes were hand painted Subsequent episodes used digital-ink-and-paint to mimic hand-painted cells So... what about “South Park?”

South Park Pilot was cut-out animation in the style of Terry Gilliam of Monty Python’s Flying Circus fame

South Park After the pilot, episodes used computer animation that mimicked cut-outs So… why cut-outs?

Simpsons vs Southpark Simpsons takes 6-8 Months per episode produces reasonably high quality animations South Park takes 6 weeks so... if you want to have a plot that is derived from very current events, cut out animation allows you to get it produced before it becomes dated

either 2D model or 3D model Animation Process... You need to create drawings by some means... either 2D model or 3D model 2D model to 2D frame hand drawn cell cutout 3D model to 2D frame physical model manipulation aka stop motion clay-mation 3D computer modeling

Animation Process Examples 2D model producing 2D images? South Park (cutout) Simpsons (cell) 3D model producing 2D images? 3D model manipulation Gumby Wallace and Gromit 3D computer modeling Toy Story Up

Animation Process Create drawings by some means… 2D model producing 2D images create an image store the image as a frame create another image...

Animation Process Create drawings by some means.. 3D model producing 2D images Two approaches -physical model manipulation -3D animation models both have these elements produce the model move the model define light source define camera position and angle take a picture

3D model, 2D images Physical model Use a physical 3D model build the model set the lighting set the camera position and angle make a frame move the model move the model... Very time-consuming! Wallace and Gromit 30 frames per day, 5 years to produce

3D model, 2D images 3D vector-based Using a vector-based 3D model (like Blender) build the model: time consuming define light source(s) (in the computer) define camera position and angle (in the computer) move the model… a bit different for 3D vector-based set key frames and time frame computer generates intervening frames this is called rendering render the frames: computationally expensive

Other Computer Animation Techniques Create a series of image files and import them to Quicktime Build an animated GIF Directly manipulate cutouts

Build an animated GIF You can do this with GIMP Allows for sequences of images to be placed in one “image” that, when displayed, shows movement

Directly Manipulate Cutouts Created as part of a self-promotional piece

Key Frames Came from Disney following Henry Ford’s ideas Break production into simpler tasks Assign tasks to less skilled labor At Disney, Key Frames, the important frames, done by skilled animators came at important portions of the action came at scene changes Less skilled labor connected the action key-frame to key frame (in-betweeners) Process is similar to interpolation

Key Frame Interpolation This is natural since model is in the computer as numbers already Forms of interpolation linear... motion follows a straight line velocity is constant moves same distance for each unit of time not natural... instantly starts, instantly stops quadratic... motion follows a curve acceleration (deceleration) is constant “easing in” and “easing out”

Achieving natural human motion Motion Capture Achieving natural human motion This is REALLY hard to do unless you use motion-capture http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_capture

Motion Capture Giant Studios http://videoblog.ugo.com/index.php/video/1858922580/Hulk-Motion-Capture

Making of AVATAR http://www.popfi.com/wp-content/uploads/avatar-motion-capture.jpg

Making of AVATAR http://i.ytimg.com/vi/fOHPCI_9-eQ/0.jpg

Making of AVATAR http://images.vizworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/avatar-mocap-530x299.png

Making of AVATAR http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_UqUwVPikChs/S1_g9b22WrI/AAAAAAAAL8E/_3L22G2g7Ls/s400/avatar3.jpg

Making of AVATAR http://www.davidbordwell.net/blog/wp-content/uploads/Avatar-mo-cap-21.jpg

Making of AVATAR Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KezEULMEvhQ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cSC6GZwV1a8&feature=related

Virtual Reality Total immersive VR (full 3 dimensions) Stereo head mounted display sensors to detect your position on your head on your hands (or any other part that will be in the scene) Quicktime VR and VRML (3D on 2D screen) not immersive (you aren’t in them directly) not stereo vision viewed on a 2D screen you are given navigation tools http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/eng/johnny_lee_demos_wii_remote_hacks.html

Adding computer-based data to the real world http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m74G_fW6M0k&feature=fvw http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7JWk_JIE3Ow&feature=related http://technoccult.net/archives/2010/02/04/futurist-chris-arkenberg-interviewed-by-technoccult/ http://cdn.slashgear.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/qualcomm_augmented_reality_sdk-580x399.jpg http://gigaom.files.wordpress.com/2010/07/rockem.jpeg

Augmented Reality

Augmented Reality

Augmented Reality

Augmented Reality

URLs for images used http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Walt_Disney_Snow_white_1937_trailer_screenshot_%2812%29.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Animation_cells.png http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Simpsons_FamilyPicture.png http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:South_Park_production_comparison.png http://facweb.cs.depaul.edu/sgrais/images/cutout/pram.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SouthParkHD.png

Questions?