Chapter 16 Fertilization and Pregnancy Question of the Day? 1. What do you think it would be like to be pregnant now or to be a father now? 2. What do you think it would be like to be pregnant or to be a father in a loving marriage?

Fertilization and Implantation  23 chromosomes from sperm  23 chromosomes from egg  15 min. to 1 hour for sperm to reach egg.  Egg divides until it reaches uterus.  It takes 4 days for the egg to reach the uterus.  Fertilized egg implants itself into the uterine wall.  Implantation: process of the embryo being completely buried in the wall of the uterus.

Mother to Baby  Placenta Structure that allows the baby to get the nutrients it needs from the mother. Structure that allows the baby to get the nutrients it needs from the mother.  The placenta is attached by umbilical cord.  Anything the mother ingests travels through umbilical cord to baby.  Amniotic Sac Watery substance that helps protect the baby. Watery substance that helps protect the baby.

Placenta and Umbilical Cord

Determining Pregnancy  Urine Test Looks for hormone HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotopin) Looks for hormone HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotopin) Over-the-counter pregnancy tests. Over-the-counter pregnancy tests.  Missed period Other factors that might cause a missed period are stress and illness. Other factors that might cause a missed period are stress and illness.

1 st Trimester  1-3 months  End of 3 rd month Baby’s Weight Baby’s Weight Almost 1 ounceAlmost 1 ounce Baby’s Length Baby’s Length inches2.5-3 inches

Week 6  2-4 mm long

Week 7  4-5 mm long  Size of BB pellet

Week 8  mm long  Size of pinto bean

Week 9  mm long  Size of medium green olive

Week 11  mm long  Size of large lime

1 st Trimester Continued  Development of Baby Brain Enlargement Brain Enlargement Arms and legs forming Arms and legs forming Heart and blood systems fully functioning Heart and blood systems fully functioning Digestive system forming Digestive system forming  Development in Mom Morning sickness Morning sickness Weight gain 0-5 pounds Weight gain 0-5 pounds

2 nd Trimester  4-6 months  End of 6 th month Baby’s Weight Baby’s Weight 2 pounds2 pounds Baby’s Length Baby’s Length 9 inches9 inches

2 nd Trimester Continued  Development of Baby Skin begins to grow Skin begins to grow Fine hair covers baby (like monkey) Fine hair covers baby (like monkey) Fingernails are forming Fingernails are forming Ears are moving back into position Ears are moving back into position

2 nd Trimester Continued  Development in Mom Starts to look pregnant Starts to look pregnant Weight gain lbs. Weight gain lbs. Adjusted hormones Adjusted hormones Feels baby move Feels baby move

3 rd Trimester  7-9 months  End of 9 th month Baby’s Weight Baby’s Weight 7.5 pounds on average7.5 pounds on average Baby’s Length Baby’s Length inches14-15 inches 21 inches by the end of 9 th month21 inches by the end of 9 th month

3 rd Trimester Continued  Development of Baby Mouth can open, close and swallow Mouth can open, close and swallow Eyes can open and close Eyes can open and close Organs are fully formed by 9 th month Organs are fully formed by 9 th month

3 rd Trimester Continued  Development in Mom Frequent urination Frequent urination Can’t eat large meals Can’t eat large meals Balance compromised Balance compromised Emotional Emotional Weight gain pounds Weight gain pounds

Prenatal Care  Regular doctors visits Monthly Monthly Weekly Weekly  Ultra sound

Medicines, Drugs and Pregnancy  All medicines and drugs pose a threat to the baby.  Increased birth defects with use. Premature birth Premature birth Low birth weight Low birth weight

Weight Distribution  Baby7-8 lbs.  Placenta1-2 lbs.  Uterus2 lbs.  Amniotic fluid1 ½-4 lbs.  Breasts1-3 lbs.  Blood volume2 ½-3 lbs.  Fat3 lbs. or more  Lean body mass2 lbs.  Tissue fluid5 lbs. or more Total24-35 lbs.