Pregnancy and Prenatal development Child Development unit 2

Early symptoms of pregnancy (2.2) Missed period Nausea Frequent urination Fatigue Breast tenderness Lower back pain

Physical changes to the mother during pregnancy (2.3) Month 1: missed period Month 2: Morning sickness, swollen breasts, fatigue, frequent urination Month 3: abdomen becomes slightly larger, uterus is the size of an orange, all symptoms from month 2 continue.

Physical changes cont. Month 4: Abdomen continues to grow, appetite increases as morning sickness decreases. Month 5: Enlarged abdomen becomes apparent, slight fetal movement felt. Month 6: strong kicks, thumps and bumps are felt and some are visible, weight gain may total lbs.

Physical changes cont. Month 7: Increased size may affect posture Month 8: Backaches, leg cramps, shortness of breath are common from increased size, weight gain totals lbs. Month 9: “Lightening” felt as fetus drops, breathing becomes easier, false labor pains may be felt, and weight gain totals lbs.

Discomforts and complications of pregnancy Blurred vision Early, sudden gush of liquid Severe vomiting Swelling Vaginal bleeding

Factors that are harmful to the health of an unborn child (pg ) Alcohol Prescription and over the counter drugs Caffeine Tobacco Illegal drugs X-rays Rubella and STDs

Alcohol Women who drink alcohol during pregnancy risk having a child with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) FAS causes physical and mental problems Mental retardation, slow growth, poor coordination, heart defects, facial disfigurement, learning problems, and hyperactivity 1 in 5 babies born with FAS die soon after birth

Prescription and OTC drugs No drugs should be taken unless specifically prescribed by her doctor (diabetes, high blood pressure) Can result in mental retardation, slow growth, infections, or bleeding at birth

Caffeine Drink caffeine in small quantities Large quantities of caffeine consumption have been associated with increased risk of miscarriage, low birth weight, and higher rates of infant death.

Tobacco Smoking during pregnancy can result in a lower birth weight for her baby. Also can cause premature birth, respiratory infections, and allergies among children after birth. Nicotine can also reach the baby through second hand smoke.

Illegal drugs A mother who is addicted to a illegal substance during pregnancy can pass the addiction on to her baby! Long terms affects of this can result in mental disabilities Cocaine is known to cause miscarriage, stillbirth, premature birth, and birth defects.

X-rays Radiation from the x-rays can cause birth defects If x-rays are necessary, special precautions should be taken (lead apron)

Rubella and STDs Everyone should be vaccinated for Rubella to prevent deafness, blindness, heart disease, or mental retardation in babies STDs can be passed from mother to child! Get tested and let your doctor know if you have ever had a STD or think you might.

Common STDs pg 121 Syphilis Gonorrhea Hepatitis B Genital Herpes AIDS Chlamydia

Get out your notes on birth defects and study for your quiz today.

What should I do to have a healthy pregnancy? See a doctor! Confirm pregnancy Initial exam Routine check ups Eat a healthy diet Get lots of rest Exercise (in moderation)

Good nutrition during pregnancy Increase calorie intake by 300 calories during the second and third trimesters Eat more lean protein Increase vitamin and mineral intake Increase low fat dairy products, whole grain cereals and breads, and fruits and veggies Folate (B vitamin) is very important! Take prenatal vitamin if necessary

Other “healthy eating” tips Eat one vitamin C source such as a citrus fruit and one dark green leafy veggie a day! Eating different colored fruits and vegetables will help you get the variety of nutrients you need Don’t think of pregnancy as a time to “pig out” and eat whatever you want!

New “FAST” food Single serve fruit bowls Soy milk Tuna fish Raisins Yogurt Easy to make trail mix Baby carrots String cheese Boxed orange juice (calcium fortified) Single serve boxes of whole grain cereal Single serve containers of cottage cheese