Intensive General Chemistry

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Presentation transcript:

Intensive General Chemistry Chemical separations I Isabelle Vu Trieu ilv2@columbia.edu http://ull.chemistry.uakron.edu

What is a distillation? This a separation technique for purifying a liquid. In this process, the liquid is heated to the boiling point and vaporized. That vapor is then cooled and recondensed in the liquid form

Origin of distillation

Partition Partition constant: K = aA(phase 2)/ aA(phase 1) Phase 1 A

Ideal solutions Solutions are ideal when the intermolecular interactions among species are identical An ideal solution obeys Raoult’s law PA = XA PAo

Raoult’s Law applied to mixtures Relative volatility  or RV

Relative Volatility  or RV

Phase diagram

In the distillation process, the vapors get enriched in the more volatile component

In the distillation process, the vapors get enriched in the more volatile component

Fractional distillation: numerous evaporation-distillation stages

Distillation columns

Distillation set-up

Introduction to chromatography Chromatography is a separation technique based on partition between a mobile phase and a stationary phase. Invented by a botanist (M.Tswett) at the beginning of the 20th century From greek chroma:”color” and graphein:”write”

Introduction to chromatography Phase 1 Phase 2 A Mobile phase Stationary phase Partition constant: K = aA(stationary)/ aA(mobile)

Column Elution

Column Elution

Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)

Pre-lab questions Find out the flash point and the auto-ignition temperature of cyclohexane and toluene. What is the meaning of these temperatures? In the distillation part, what is the role of the stainless steel sponge?